收集年龄、性别、体重指数 ( body mass index,BMI)、收缩压、舒张压、高血压史、胰岛素治疗史及糖尿病病史等基本信息,及糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1C,HbA1c)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)等实验室检查的临床资料。
图1 KASP基因分型图 Figure 1 KASP genotyping map (A)rs5370位点基因分型图;(B)rs800292位点基因分型图。接近X轴的显示红色的样本的基因型为连接FAM荧光标签序列的等位基因型,接近Y轴上的显示蓝色的样本的基因型为连接HEX荧光标签序列的等位基因型,中间显示紫色的样本的基因型为2种等位基因的杂合型,显示黑色脱落的样本可能由于DNA质量不好或浓度过低,扩增产物没有被明确分型。 (A) Genotyping plots of rs5370; (B) Genotyping plots of rs800292. The genotype of the red sample near the X axis is the allele of the sample showing the FAM fluorescent tag sequence, the genotype of the sample showing blue near the Y axis is the allele of the HEX fluorescent tag sequence, the genotype of the purple sample shown in the middle is a hybrid of the two alleles, and the sample showing black drop out may not be clearly classified due to poor DNA quality or low concentration.
表3 Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验
Table 3 Hardy-Weinberg balance test
表4 NDR组和PNR组的2个SNP位点的基因型频率分布比较分析
Table 4 Comparative analysis of genotypic frequency distributions at two SNP loci in the NDR group and the PNR group
表5 Logistic回归分析 rs5370、rs800292与T2DM患者增生性视网膜病变的关系
Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of rs5370, rs800292 and retinopathy proliferative in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
可能会影响基因的表达[10]。Liu等[11]及Graham等[12]利用全基因组关联研究(Genome-Wide Association Studies,GWAS)检测技术,在不同的种族中检测与DR相关的新基因位点,发现了许多与DR易感性相关的SNPs位点。但目前还没有关于这些位点在中国广西汉族人群中的作用的系统性研究,因此本研究首次集中探讨了EDN1基因的rs5370位点以及CFH基因的rs800292位点在中国广西壮族自治区汉族T2DM人群中的多态性及其对PDR遗传易感性的影响。
1、Wang J, Yang MM, Li YB, et al. Association of CFH and CFB gene
polymorphisms with retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients[ J].
Mediators Inflamm, 2013, 2013: 748435.
3、Xu H, Chen M. Diabetic retinopathy and dysregulated innate
immunity[ J]. Vision Res, 2017, 139: 39-46.
4、包敏, 蔺晓慧. 糖尿病视网膜病变易感性与相关基因多态性研
究进展[ J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2021, 21(2): 262-265.
BAO Min, LIN Xiaohui. Research progress on susceptibility to
diabetic gene polymorphism[ J]. International Eye Science, 2021,
21(2): 262-265.
5、Mohlin C, Sandholm K, Kvanta A, et al. A model to study complement
involvement in experimental retinal degeneration[ J]. Ups J Med Sci,
2018, 123(1): 28-42.
6、Li H, Louey JW, Choy KW, et al. EDN1 Lys198Asn is associated
with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes[ J]. Mol Vis, 2008, 14:
1698-1704.
7、Pan J, Chen F, Chen D, et al. Novel three types of neovascularization
elsewhere determine the differential clinical features of proliferative
diabetic retinopathy[ J]. Retina, 2021, 41(6): 1265-1274.
8、Dubovyk YI, Oleshko TB, Harbuzova VY, et al. Positive association
between EDN1 rs5370 (Lys198Asn) polymorphism and large artery
stroke in a ukrainian population[ J]. Dis Markers, 2018, 2018: 1695782.
9、杨贤罡, 李燕春, 邓潇潇, 等. 内皮素1基因rs5370位点多态性与
中国女子长跑运动员运动表现之间的关联性研究[ J]. 中国运
动医学杂志, 2020, 39(2): 117-123.
YANG Xiangang, LI Yanchun, DENG Xiaoxiao, et al. Association
between EDN1 rs5370 polymorphism and athletic performance of
Chinese female long-distance runners[ J]. Chinese Journal of Sports
Medicine, 2020, 39(2): 117-123.
10、Shurter A, Genter P, Ouyang D, et al. Euglycemic progression:
worsening of diabetic retinopathy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
in minorities[ J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2013, 100(3): 362-367.
11、郭秋红, 李思雪. 探讨2型糖尿病患者凝血四项检测的临床意
义[ J]. 首都食品与医药, 2022, 29(3): 96-98.
GUO Qiuhong, LI Sixue. The clinical significance of four coagulation
tests in patients with type 2 diabetes was discussed[ J]. Capital
Medicine, 2022, 29(3): 96-98.
12、ACCORD Study Group; ACCORD Eye Study Group; Chew EY, et
al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2
diabetes[ J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(3): 233-244.
13、陶俊, 周漫, 李艳. 2型糖尿病病人估算肾小球滤过率与糖
尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究[ J]. 安徽医药, 2021, 25(10):
1954-1957.
TAO Jun, ZHOU Man, LI Yan. Correlation between estimated
glomerular filtration rate and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic
patients[ J]. Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2021, 25(10):
1954-1957.
14、李淑婷, 王相宁, 杜新华, 等. 2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病
变与肾小球滤过率的相关性研究[ J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2017,
33(3): 244-248.
LI Shuting, WANG Xiangning, DU Xinhua, et al. Relationship between
glomerular filtration rate and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic
patients[ J]. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2017, 33(3):
244-248.
15、崔颖, 郭海科, 韩云飞, 等. 2型糖尿病住院患者糖尿病视网膜病
变患病率及危险因素分析[ J]. 眼科新进展, 2012, 32(8): 736-739.
CUI Ying, GUO Haiyang, HAN Yunfei, et al. Prevalence and risk
factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic inpatients[ J]. Recent
Advances in Ophthalmology, 2012, 32(8): 736-739.
16、Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and
microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK
Prospective Diabetes Study Group[ J]. BMJ, 1998, 317(7160):
703-713.
17、Jingi AM, Noubiap JJ, Essouma M, et al. Association of insulin
treatment versus oral hypoglycaemic agents with diabetic retinopathy
and its severity in type 2 diabetes patients in Cameroon, sub-Saharan
Africa[ J]. Ann Transl Med, 2016, 4(20): 395.
18、Jingi AM, Tankeu AT, Ateba NA, et al. Mechanism of worsening
diabetic retinopathy with rapid lowering of blood glucose: the
synergistic hypothesis[ J]. BMC Endocr Disord, 2017, 17(1): 63.
19、Graham PS, Kaidonis G, Abhary S, et al. Genome-wide association
studies for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic
retinopathy[ J]. BMC Med Genet, 2018, 19(1): 71.
20、Liu C, Chen G, Bentley AR, et al. Genome-wide association study for
proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Africans[ J]. NPJ Genom Med,
2019, 4: 20.
21、Wang X, Tomso DJ, Liu X, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism in
transcriptional regulatory regions and expression of environmentally
responsive genes[ J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2005, 207(2 Suppl):
84-90.
22、蔺晓慧. 糖尿病视网膜病变临床指标及基因多态性的研究[D].
重庆: 重庆医科大学, 2016.
LIN Xiaohui. Study the relationship of clinical index and gene
polymorphisms with the diabetic retinopathy[D]. Chongqing:
Chongqing Medical University, 2016.
23、中华医学会糖尿病学分会. 中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年
版)[ J]. 中国实用内科杂志, 2018, 38(4): 292-344.
Chinese Medical Association, Diabetes. Chinese guidelines for the
prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2017 edition)[ J].
Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine, 2018, 38(4): 292-344.
24、葛坚, 王宁利. 眼科学(8年制)[M]. 3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版
社, 2019.
GE Jian, WANG Ningli. Ophthalmology (8-year)[M]. 3rd edition.
Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2019.
25、Sobrin L, Green T, Sim X, et al. Candidate gene association study for
diabetic retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes: the Candidate
gene Association Resource (CARe)[ J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,
2011, 52(10): 7593-7602.
26、邓玲, 潘颖喆, 王慧. 糖尿病性视网膜病变的治疗进展[ J]. 国际
眼科杂志 2020, 20(3): 489-491.
DENG Ling, PAN Yingzhe, WANG Hui. Progress in the treatment
of diabetic retinopathy[ J]. International Eye Science, 2020, 20(3):
489-491.
27、刘旭, 王霞, 何媛. 糖尿病视网膜病变危险因素与预防研究进
展[ J]. 眼科新进展 2018, 38(7): 687-691.
LIU Xu, WANG Xia, HE Yuan. The research progress of risk factors
and prevention in diabetic retinopathy[ J]. Recent Advances in
Ophthalmology, 2018, 38(7): 687-691.
28、Zheng Y, He M, Congdon N. The worldwide epidemic of diabetic
retinopathy[ J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2012, 60(5): 428-431.
29、Simó-Servat O, Hernández C, Simó R. Diabetic retinopathy in the
context of patients with diabetes[ J]. Ophthalmic Res, 2019, 62(4):
211-217.
30、Tsiknakis N, Theodoropoulos D, Manikis G, et al. Deep learning for
diabetic retinopathy detection and classification based on fundus
images: a review[ J]. Comput Biol Med, 2021, 135: 104599.