Pathological aggregation of specific proteins can be detected in different neurodegenerative diseases: Aβ and Tau in Alzheimer's disease(AD), α-Syn in Parkinson's disease(PD), TDP43 in frontotemporal dementia(FTD)and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Htt in Huntington's disease(HD). These pathologically aggregated proteins can also accumulate in the retina of the eye and lead to the destruction of retinal neurovascular units and optic nerve atrophy; On the other side, demyelinating diseases in the brain and spinal cord, such as multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is often accompanied by demyelination of the optic nerve.
Pathological proteins such as Aβ, Tau, α-Syn and Htt aggregate in the retina of patients. TDP43 aggregation has not been characterized in the retina of patients with FTLD or ALS, but TDP43 accumulation in the cytoplasm accompanying with losing its nuclear localization was found in retinal cells of animal models. AD: Alzheimer's disease, PD: Parkinson's disease, HD: Huntington's Disease, FTLD: frontotemporal dementia, ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Structure, morphology, and function of retinal neurovascular units in normal conditions(left)and neurodegenerative diseases (right). Pathological changes include increased vascular permeability, glial cell activation and release of neurotoxic cytokines, neurodegeneration and death.
1、国家自然科学基金 (82171404)；中山大学科研领军人才培育计划项目 (22yklj04)；国家重点实验室 - 开放课题 (2021KF05)；广东省自然科学基金 (2023A1515011529)。 This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171404); Research
Leading Talent Training Program of Sun Yat-sen University(22yklj04); State Key Laboratory-Open Project (2021KF05); The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong
Province(2023A1515011529).
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