目的:研究佛山市禅城区五年级、六年级近视儿童的心理健康及其影响因素,为解决其因近视产生的心理问题及近视防治工作提供依据。方法:选择佛山市禅城区3所小学,在其五年级、六年级选择2个班作为调查对象开展近视筛查、并使用儿童社交焦虑量表、孤独量表以及儿童自尊量表进行心理健康测量。结果:佛山市禅城区近视患病率52.0%,女性(57.5%)较男性(47.4%)有较高患病率,六年级患病率(57.6%)高于五年级(46.3%)。近视儿童均比正常视力儿童存在明显的社交焦虑、孤独感以及低自尊度(得分分别为5.53±4.04 vs 4.66±3.59,30.15±11.72 vs 27.29±10.40,97.97±12.73 vs 100.87±12.21),差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。进一步分析显示,初发近视社会焦虑、孤独以及自尊方面比中度近视明显。性别、年龄等社会因素对于近视儿童心理健康影响不明显。根据矫正的不同方式分类,近视儿童中,戴角膜塑形镜者社交焦虑感较低(F=4.21,P=0.01),戴框架眼镜者则较容易产生较低的自尊度(F=5.67,P=0.02)。结论:小学生近视问题是全社会普遍关心的问题,近视与其心理健康关系密切,这需要全社会密切配合,采取综合措施,且近视矫正方式的选择影响近视儿童的心理。
1. 佛山市科技创新项目 (2018AB00381)。 This work was supported by Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project,
China (2018AB00381).
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