Ocular metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis
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DOI:10.3978/j.issn.1000-4432.2021.07.14
Publication Date:2023-06-19
Author(s):
BI Yingwen ,CAI Rongrong ,WANG Shuyi ,ZHU Xiongzeng
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Author(s):
BI Yingwen ,CAI Rongrong ,WANG Shuyi ,ZHU Xiongzeng
Institution/Unit:
1.Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University
2.Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University
Keywords
choroid
metastasis
clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
orbital tumor
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological features of ocular metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.Methods: Data of 5 patients (5 eyes) with ocular metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated and diagnosed at Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed for medical history, clinical features, imaging examinations, pathomorphological features, immunophenotypes and survival outcomes. Results: There were 3 males of choroidal metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma with age from 51 to 62 years old. They all presented with shadow before the eye and reduced visual acuity of the right eye for 1 to 6 months. On examination the visual acuity was hand movement in front of the affected eye. Fundus examination showed a subretinal elevated mass with retinal detachment. B-scan ultrasound demonstrated an intraocular mass with medium internal reflectivity suspected of choroidal melanoma. Case 2 reported a history of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with a left nephrectomy 2 years ago and developed lung metastasis 1 year ago. Three patients all underwent enucleation and prosthesis implantation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations showed intraocular malignant tumor suggestive of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma which needed further examinations to confirm the primary tumor. Postoperative computed tomography scan of the abdomen for case 1 revealed a mass of the left kidney highly suggestive of a renal cell carcinoma. The computed tomography scan of the chest revealed multiple lesions suggestive of lung metastasis. Postoperative PET-CT scan of case 3 revealed a mass of the left kidney which was confirmed to be clear-cell renal cell carcinoma histopathologically. There were 2 patients of orbital metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. One 56-year-old female patient (Case 4) presented with swelling, redness and proptosis of the right eye for 2 months. Two months ago, her right kidney was resected for the diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. PEC-CT revealed metastasis to the right orbit with bone destruction. Another 65-year-old male patient (Case 5) presented with palpable mass of the left eyebrow for 3 years. He had left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 7 years earlier and metastasis to the lung later. Histopathology of all 5 cases demonstrated uniform cells with clear or granular cytoplasm in solid and glandular arrangement surrounded by a rich vascular network. Immunohistochemical positivity for the biomarkers CK, Vimentin, CD10 and PAX-8 confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.Conclusion: Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma can metastasize to the choroid or orbit. It should be differentiated from the other ocular primary and metastatic tumors with clear-cell appearance histopathologically.
3例脉络膜转移性CC-RCC均为男性,例1和例3均为62岁,例2为51岁,平均58岁,均表现为右眼前黑影伴视力下降,病程分别为6月,1月和4月。术前检查视力均为右眼前手动,右眼底见视网膜下隆起肿块伴视网膜脱离。3例B超均显示右眼球内隆起肿物,例1和例2位于后极部,例3位于鼻侧球壁,中等回声,大小7.1~8.4 mm × 15.5~18.2 mm,均伴表面视网膜脱离,例3伴挖空征及脉络膜凹陷征,考虑脉络膜黑色素瘤(图1 )。例2两年前行左肾癌手术,1年前右肺上叶转移,术前胸部C T显示双肺多发结节,右侧为著,大者2 cm ×2 cm。例1术前胸部CT显示两肺内多个小结节影,大部分位于两肺外带,结节边界尚清晰,符合肺转移瘤表现。3例均在我院眼科全身麻醉下进行了右眼球摘除及义眼座的植入(表1)。
图1 右眼脉络膜转移性CC-RCC患者(例3):B超检查示右眼鼻侧球壁前探及8.4 mm ×15.53 mm半球形中高回声,伴挖空征及脉络膜凹陷征,考虑脉络膜黑色素瘤
Figure 1 Choroidal metastatic CC-RCC (case 3): B-scan ultrasound demonstrated an intraocular mass with medium to high internal reflectivity suspected of choroidal melanoma
表1 3例脉络膜转移性CC-RCC的临床病理资料
Table 1 Clinicopathologic data of 3 patients of choroidal metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
2.1.2 眼眶转移性CC-RCC
2例眼眶转移性CC-RCC中例4为女性,56岁,右眼红肿伴眼球突出2个月,2个月前外院行右肾CC-RCC切除手术,术前CT显示右眶外上方3 cm ×4 cm软组织肿块,涉及眶顶及外侧肌锥外与中颅底,伴眶顶壁、外侧壁与蝶骨大翼骨质破坏(图2 )。PET-CT提示右肾癌术区未见明显肿瘤复发,右眼眶外侧壁转移并侵及右侧额骨。术前右眼矫正视力0.6,右眼球突出,上转运动受限,眼球下移。例4在我院全身麻醉下行右眶颅联合肿物摘除术(表2)。
例5,男性,65岁,左眉弓肿物3年,渐大。7年前左肾CC-RCC切除术,术后靶向药物(多吉美)治疗,半年前“肾癌肺部转移”行胸腔镜手术。术前MRI示左眶顶上眼睑皮下一椭圆形结节肿块影,大小2.2 cm ×2.4 cm ×2 cm,紧贴眼球前上壁,眼球向下移位。术前左眼视力0.1,左眼眉弓处扪及质硬隆起肿物2 cm ×1 cm,界清,眼球下移伴上睑下垂。例5在我院全身麻醉下行左眼眶肿物摘除术(表2)。
图2 右眼眶转移性CC-RCC患者(例4):冠状位和水平位CT显示右眶外上方3 cm ×4 cm软组织肿块,涉及眶顶及外侧肌锥外与中颅底,伴眶顶壁、外侧壁与蝶骨大翼骨质破坏
Figure 2 Orbital metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (case 4): coronal and axial CT scan showed superotemporal 3 cm ×4 cm mass of the right orbit with bone destruction
表2 2例眼眶转移性CC-RCC的临床病理资料
Table 2 Clinicopathologic data of 2 patients of orbital metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
Figure 4 Orbital metastatic CC-RCC (case 5) showed some tumor cells with alveolar architecture and mitotic figure (arrow; IHC, ×400)
图5 光镜下观察例4患者右眼眶转移性CC-RCC,图示肿瘤侵犯骨组织(HE,×100)
Figure 5 Orbital metastatic CC-RCC (case 4) showed bone destruction (HE, ×100)
2.3 治疗和随访
2.3.1 脉络膜转移性CC-RCC
例1术后腹部CT示左肾下部见一椭圆形软组织影,大小6.5 cm ×5.8 cm ×8.9 cm,左肾门下部肾静脉内见充盈缺损影,诊断左肾癌伴左肾静脉癌栓形成,后在当地医院行左肾摘除术,病理检查证实为左肾CC-RCC。术后2年患者因肺转移死亡。例2眼部手术后因同时肺部转移行放疗和中医治疗,20个月后死亡。例3术后PET-CT检查发现左肾占位,在当地医院行左肾摘除术,术后病理示左肾CC-RCC,肿瘤大小约4.5 cm ×4 cm ×3 cm。术后未行特殊治疗,随访至今2 3个月无复发和转移(表1)。CC-RCC
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