大量研究[10-13]表明:DL可通过眼底彩照高灵敏度地检测DR,但其中大多数研究都是使用回顾性收集的数据。2018年,Abràmoff等[14]招募了900名未经DR初筛的受试者,验证了自主AI系统的诊断性能具有高特异性和高灵敏度。基于此,同年4月,IDx-DR,第一台使用AI检测轻度以上的DR和DM黄斑水肿的医疗设备被美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)允许上市销售[14-15]。然而,由于疾病患病率和图像质量的变化,当疾病发生率较低时,阳性预测值也将较低,整体性能可能会降低。
iGlaucoma是世界上第一个基于智能手机,能够通过Humphrey VFs的模式偏差概率图(pattern deviation probability plot,PDP)地图检测青光眼的应用程序,在大规模临床部署中都具有巨大价值。2020年9月中山眼科中心发表了一项关于iGlaucoma评估基于VF的多模式DL算法的研究[25]。基于智能手机的增强深度学习系统(deep learning system,DLS),该研究开发了青光眼检测工具iGlaucoma,并评估了中国7个三级青光眼中心超过160万数据点,在2个阶段的青光眼VF检测中,检测出其中的青光眼病例,实现从实验室到临床应用的转换。这种仅根据VFs来判断的性能水平超过6名普通眼科医生,诊断青光眼的速度快5倍。未来还可将虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)和DL技术结合起来,将Humphrey Field Analyzer移植到VR护目镜中,创造一种智能的VF测试和诊断设备。这表明将DLS并入VF,作为初级眼保健界未来的青光眼诊断工具之一,让机器帮助做出青光眼诊断成为可能[25]。
中国人工智能医学联盟(the Chinese Medical Alliance for Artificial Intelligence,CMAAI)应用Django框架建立了用于白内障诊断的Web平台,远程实时监控患者疾病状况。选择年龄范围和诊断模块后[特别是用于后囊膜浑浊(posterior capsular opacification,PCO)诊断的逆光照明图片],用户可以从文件中选择图像来上传新病例,网站上则提供捕获模式、白内障诊断、严重性评估和转诊建议等。每周医生会根据一般分类标准来评估所有病例,并及时与患者沟通,防止误诊。根据最新的诊断准则来更新逻辑语义,平台的诊断和治疗决策可满足最新的诊断标准,以便随时更新。他们还建立了一种新颖的三级医疗转诊模式,包括家中的自我监控、初级医疗和专业医院服务。与传统方式相比,该平台的眼科医生与人口的服务比例增加了10.2倍[42]。接下来还需要进一步社区筛查的临床试验,如果收效明显,那么未来该智能手机远程诊疗白内障疾病平台将大有可为。
1、本科教学质量工程项目[教务(2021)93号]。This work was supported by Undergraduate Teaching Quality Engineering Project, China [(2021) No. 93].
2、本科教学质量工程项目 [ 教务 (2021)93 号 ]。This work was supported by the Undergraduate Teaching Quality Engineering Project, China [(2021) No. 93].
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