使用在线工具KOBAS 3.0[12] (http://kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn)中的基因富集模块对ceRNA网络中的mRNA进行基因功能与富集分析,将所有满足校正P<0.05(Corrected P Value)相关的基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)和通路(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)纳入进一步分析和展示,P值校正采用Benjamini-Hochberg法。
(A) Differentially expressed mRNAs; (B) Differentially expressed microRNAs; (C) Differentially expressed lncRNAs; (D) Heatmap of all significantly upregulated mRNAs, upregulated lncRNAs, and downregulated miRs in samples with systemic metastasis. The expression values were normalized by the z-score by each row. High and low expression levels are represented in red and blue, respectively. D3, disomy chromosome 3; M3, monosomy chromosome 3; M0, subjects without metastasis; M1, subjects with metastasis.
图2 热图显示构成ceRNA网络的差异表达RNA和ceRNA网络
Figure 2 Heatmap of difffferentially expressed RNAs in the ceRNA triples and the global view of the entire ceRNA network
(A) Heatmap of DEmRNAs, DElncRNAs, and DEmiRs in the ceRNA network associated with uveal melanoma metastasis; (B) The global view of the entire ceRNA network in UM metastasis. mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRs are represented by orange diamonds, yellow rectangles, and red ellipses, respectively. There are 67 mRNAs, 6 miRs, 30 lncRNAs, and 183 edges in the entire network. Note that miR-221 and miR-222 are combined as a single node because of their identical targets.
图3 ceRNA网络中上调mRNA的基因富集分析
Figure 3 Gene enrichment analysis of all upregulated mRNAs in the ceRNA network
GO analysis revealed the top 20 significantly changed biological process (A), cellular component (B), and molecular function (C) terms associated with UM metastasis. The KEGG analysis revealed the top 10 pathways enriched in UM metastasis. Note that several KEGG terms might be related to carcinogenesis and metastasis, including ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Rap1 signaling pathway. The x-axis indicates the number of mRNAs that are involved each GO term or KEGG pathway
(A) The BC value of each node in the ceRNA network. Six lncRNAs (LINC00861, LINC02421, BHLHE40-AS1, LINC01252, LINC00513, and LINC02389) and three mRNAs (UNC5D, BCL11B, and MTDH) were identified as hub lncRNAs and hub mRNAs, respectively. Subnetworks centered on LINC00861 (B), LINC00513 (C), LINC02389 (D), BHLHE40-AS1 (E), LINC02421 (F), and LINC01252 (G) were reconstructed using their first-neighbor miRs and their second-neighbor mRNAs.
Samples with higher and lower than the median expression level of each microRNA are denoted in blue and red, respectively. The expression levels of miR-182 (P=0.23, A) and miR-183 (P=0.53, B) were not associated with overall survival. Patients had a significantly higher survival probability when their samples had high expression of miR-221 (P=0.0067, C), miR-222 (P=0.0097, D), miR-506 (P<0.0001, E), miR-507 (P<0.0001, F), and miR-876 (P=0.0021, G). Survival time is shown as days on the x-axis.
图6 Kaplan-Meier分析差异表达的核心lncRNA和核心mRNA与患者生存的关系
Figure 6 Kaplan-Meier plot of the relationship between six hub lncRNAs, three hub mRNAs and the survival time of patients
Patients who had high expression levels of hub lncRNAs (A-F) and hub mRNAs (G,H,J) had significantly greater survival probabilities (all P<0.05). Survival time is shown as days on the x-axis. (A) LINC00861; (B) LINC02421; (C) BHLHE40-AS1; (D) LINC01252; (E) LINC00513; (F) LINC02389; (G) UNC5D; (H) BCL11B; ( J) MTDH.
1、国家自然科学基金 (81600751);广东省自然科学基金 (2017A030313802);广州市珠江科技新星项 (201806010167)。This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (81600751); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2017A030313802);the Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou (201806010167), China.
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