Objective: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This study aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to analyze the epidemiological patterns of glaucoma-related blindness in the Chinese mainland from 1990 to 2021, providing evidence for the development of blindness prevention strategies. Methods: Data on glaucoma-related blindness and demographics information from the Chinese mainland were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to evaluate the temporal trends in the burden of glaucoma-related blindness.This was achieved by calculating the annual percentage change (APC), the average annual percentage change (AAPC), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, the age-period-cohort model was employed to assess the impacts of age, period, and cohort on the burden of blindness. This was done by calculating net drift, local drift, period relative risk, cohort relative risk, and fitted longitudinal age curves. Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the total number of cases of glaucoma-related blindness in the Chinese mainland increased. However, the prevalence rate of blindness decreased significantly, dropping from 56.83 cases per 100,000 population (uncertainty interval [UI]: 45.93 to 69.96) in 1990 to 23.32 cases per 100,000 population (UI: 18.46 to 28.84) in 2021, with an AAPC of −2.63 (95% CI: −2.75 to −2.50, P<0.001). The burden of glaucoma-related blindness was higher among males than among females, but the decline in the prevalence of blindness was more marked in males. The risk of glaucoma-related blindness increased substantially with age, while risks associated with the period and cohort showed a decreasing trend. Conclusions: Since 1990, the burden of glaucoma-related blindness in the Chinese mainland has witnessed a significant reduction, which reflects the success of blindness prevention efforts. Continuously optimizing comprehensive strategies for eye health management is crucial to further reduce the incidence of blindness associated with glaucoma.