Purpose: To observe the eyes' refractive status without cycloplegia in 2046 pupils.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2046 pupils of 4092 eyes in Xi‘an city primary schools. The objective ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants, which included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fundus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and input special computer program, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0.

Results: In the primary school of 2046 pupils of 4092 eyes, the detective rate of emmetropia was 32.0% of 1309 eyes, hypermetropia was 4.2% of 170 eyes, myopia was 63.8% of 2613 eyes, low myopia was 51.4% of 2102 eyes, moderate myopia was 11.3% of 464 eyes, and high myopia was 1.1% of 47 eyes in total. In both eyes, the detective rate was 61.2% of 1348 eyes in 2204 boys, 67% of 1265 in 1888 girls. Among 6 grades , the constituent ratio of moderate and high myopia groups were significantly increased with the age,s growing, including emmetropia 45.5% of 343 eyes out of 754 in 1^st grade and 19.2% of 122 eyes out of 634 in 6^th grade. The average refractive error of spherical equivalent refraction was (-1.32±1.60) D. Among 6 grades, the 1^st grade, was (0.82±1.42) D , and the 6^th grade’s was (-1.82±1.68) D, there were significant differences among 6 grades (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference between girls and boys (P < 0.01). The average myopizing rate was -0.2 D per year, -1.0 D in the total of the progression in 6 years.

Conclusion: Poor condition of myopizing was showed in Chinese pupils. It should be taking seriously and making early intervention.