Boston keratoprosthesis type I: application and development
Views:
21057
DOI:
10.12419/j.issn.1000-4432.2023.04.04
Publication Date:
2023/04/18
Author(s):
LIN Lixia1, CHEN Miao1, GU Jianjun1
LIN Lixia1, CHEN Miao1, GU Jianjun1
Institution/Unit:
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060
The corneal transplantation is an effective option for visually impaired patients with keratopathy to restore vision function. However, the success rate of allograft keratoplasty is still very low for those patients with end-stage ocular surface or repeated corneal graft rejection. For those patients, artificial keratoplasty might be a promising alternative option. The efficacy and advantages of artificial keratoplasty have been gradually highlighted, after consistent improvement of the product design and implantation procedure. Nowadays, the Boston type I (collar button) corneal prosthesis is the most widely used product around the world. In this review, the history, indications, postoperative complications and future prospect of Boston type I corneal prosthesis will be summarized.
Article
目前,全球盲人数量约为3 600万,另有2.17亿人患有中度至重度视力障碍。在这2.53亿盲人和(或)中重度视力受损的人中,有617万人(2.4%)是由角膜病变引起的[1]。同种异体角膜移植手术是治疗角膜盲的有效手段之一,但对于多次角膜移植失败、严重眼部烧伤或其他晚期眼表疾病无法进行常规角膜移植的患者,人工角膜可能是新的复明选择。人工角膜概念的提出已有两百多年的历史,随着技术的不断发展,目前以波士顿I型人工角膜(Boston type Ⅰkeratoprosthesis,BKPro)的应用最为广泛。本文就波士顿I型人工角膜的历史发展、基本特性、并发症特点等方面进行概述,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。
1 基本特征
1.1 发展历史
最早由法国眼科医生Guillaume Pellier de Quengsy在1789年提出植入人工角膜的想法,并设计了一个嵌有银环的凸玻璃圆盘用来替换整个角膜。到1853年,德国外科医生开始试验不同的材料用于假体植入。1862年,Abbate设计了一种由一个玻璃圆盘和裙边组成的人工角膜,并将这种人工角膜植入动物眼睛;由于选择了不稳定的裙边材料,它在1周或更短的时间内就被排异出体外。虽然没有看到实验成功,但他提出的裙边可以促进与宿主组织的生物融合的概念,这在未来的设计中得到了应用。下一个人工角膜是由慕尼黑的Salzer研发的,它由一个玻璃圆盘和一个铂金环组成,并建议未来的人工角膜应该用比玻璃更轻的材料制成,且包含一个可以很容易融入宿主组织的外层材料[2]。
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