在Web of Science核心数据库中的科学引文索引扩展数据库(Science Citation Index Expanded)进行检索,以“干眼”(dry eye)为检索词。很多研究建议文献计量学研究使用“标题/摘要”进行检索[4-5] ,可以获得最高得检索准确性,而且不会降低太多的敏感性,所以我们的研究以“标题/摘要”为检索字段。检索时间为2021年4月4日。以便了解干眼领域最新的研究趋势和热点,我们将文献的发表时间限定为2016—2020年。为了体现研究的实际情况,此次分析纳入论著及综述类型的文献,其他类型的文献例如会议摘要、社论材料、信函等,都被排除[6] ,以保证纳入的文献是真正与干眼相关的研究,避免不相关研究的干扰,从而保证分析结果的准确性。
将数据导入VOSviewer v.1.6.16,进行系统分析。VOSviewer (http://www.vosviewer.com)是一款用于分析和可视化的文献分析软件,具有可视化某领域的研究热点和趋势的特点,并且可以从不同维度呈现,包括国家/地区、机构、杂志、作者、关键词共现等[7] 。图中的节点越大表示发表的文章越多;节点之间线条的宽度越粗和节点之间的距离越近表示关联的强度越强。不同的颜色代表不同的聚类。另外,用CiteSpace IV (http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespace/)来捕获爆发的关键词,探索热点的兴起和没落时间[8] 。
2 结果
2.1 年文献发表情况
检索Web of Science核心数据库,1952年发表了第1篇关于干眼的文献,以后每年发表的文献逐年增加,到2020年时,年发表文献达到659篇。累计发表文献5 973篇,而2016—2020年累计收录“干眼”相关研究文献2 567篇,占全部发表文献的42.98%。如图1所示,年文献基本呈线性增长,而2020年,比2019年发表的文献多117篇,增长速度有所增加。
图1 2016—2020年干眼文献的年增长情况及文献占比
Figure 1 Annual growth and proportion of dry eye literature from 2016 to 2020
The larger the nodes in the graph, the more articles are published in the countries/districts. The thicker the line width and the closer the distance between nodes indicate the stronger the cooperation between countries/districts. Difffferent colors represent difffferent clusters.
表1 发表干眼文献最多的10个国家
Table 1 Top 10 most productive countries in dry eye research
The larger the nodes in the graph, the more articles are published in the organizations. The thicker the line width and the closer the distance between nodes indicate the stronger the cooperation between organizations. Difffferent colors represent difffferent clusters.
表2 发表干眼文献最多的10个机构
Table 2 Top 10 productive organizations in dry eye research
2.4 作者发表文献情况以及作者引文情况分析
如表3所示,日本庆应义塾大学的 Kazuo Tsubota教授在这一领域发表了最多的文献,但其引用率排名第10位。美国泪液实验室的Lemp在这个领域发表的文献被引用的次数最多,达到了1 005次。另外,牛津大学Anthony J. Bron教授发表文献引用次数排名第2。美国贝勒医学院的Pflugfelder教授的文献引用率位居第3位。图4显示了作者之间的合作关系和各自在这一领域所占的权重。从图中可以看出Lemp教授和Pflugfelder教授之间有很好的合作。
表3 干眼领域发表文献量前10的作者以及被引用量前10的作者
Table 3 Top 10 productive authors and co-cited authors in dry eye research
The size of the points represents the occurrence frequency. The thicker the line width and the closer the distance between nodes indicate the stronger the association between keywords. The keywords are grouped into 6 clusters: 1) red, pathogenic mechanism and pathophysiology; 2) green, definition and classification; 3) blue, epidemiological study; 4) yellow, treatment; 5) purple, secondary dry eye; 6) cyan, diagnosis.
表6 关键词共现性分析及聚类分析:6大聚类频次排名前10的关键词
Table 6 Co-occurrence analysis of keywords: top 10 keywords in the 6 clusters
在研究机构分布特点分析中,我们发现日本的庆应义塾大学、美国的哈佛医学院和新加坡国家眼科中心是发表前3的研究机构,但是3大机构之间的合作却不多。虽然中国发表的文献排名第2,但是发表量排名前10的机构中没有一家中国的研究机构。这说明我国的干眼研究力量比较分散。就作者发表量来说,日本庆应义塾大学的Kazuo Tsubota教授发表的文献最多,但其被引用量却不是最高的。美国泪液实验室的MA Lemp教授被引用的次数是最多的。2位教授在干眼研究邻域具有很重要的地位。就出版物来说,Ocular Surface出版干眼的文章最多。Ocular Surface是眼科领域顶尖的杂志,根据2020年的期刊引文报告,它的影响因子达到12.34。干眼研究的热度可见一斑。从被引用排名前10的文章可以看出TFOS Dr y Eye Workshop II在2017年发表的干眼系列文章,在干眼领域是指南性的文献,受到广泛的引用。
1. Yokoi N, Georgiev GA. Tear film-oriented diagnosis and tear filmoriented therapy for dry eye based on tear film dynamics[ J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(14): DES13-DES22.
2. Kojima T, Dogru M, Kawashima M, et al. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye[ J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100842.
3. Wu MF, Gao H, Zhao LJ, et al. Real dynamic assessment of tear film optical quality for monitoring and early prevention of dry eye[ J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(31): e21494.
4. García-Marqués JV, Talens-Estarelles C, Martínez-Albert N, et al. An emerging method to assess tear film spread and dynamics as possible tear film homeostasis markers[ J]. Curr Eye Res, 2021, 46(9): 1291-1298
5. Sambhi RS, Sambhi GDS, Mather R, et al. Dry eye after refractive surgery: a meta-analysis[ J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2020, 55(2): 99-106.
6. Kobashi H, Kamiya K, Shimizu K. Dry eye after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK: meta-analysis[ J]. Cornea, 2017, 36(1): 85-91.
7. Shoji J, Inada N, Tomioka A, et al. Assessment of mucin-related gene alterations following treatment with rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in Sj?gren’s syndrome-associated dry eyes[ J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(11): e0242617.
8. Shamloo K, Barbarino A, Alfuraih S, et al. Graft versus host diseaseassociated dry eye: role of ocular surface mucins and the effect of rebamipide, a mucin secretagogue[ J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 60(14): 4511-4519.
9. Yoon HJ, Kim J, Yang JM, et al. Topical TRPM8 agonist for relieving neuropathic ocular pain in patients with dry eye: a pilot study[ J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(2): 250.
10. Yoon HJ, Kim J, Yoon KC. Treatment response to gabapentin in neuropathic ocular pain associated with dry eye[ J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(11): 3765
11. Ozmen MC, Dieckmann G, Cox SM, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of nortriptyline in the management of neuropathic corneal pain[ J]. Ocul Surf, 2020, 18(4): 814-820.
12. Siedlecki AN, Smith SD, Siedlecki AR, et al. Ocular pain response to treatment in dry eye patients[ J]. Ocul Surf, 2020, 18(2): 305-311.
13. Belmonte C, Nichols JJ, Cox SM, et al. TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report[ J]. Ocul Surf, 2017, 15(3): 404-437.
14. Bron A J, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK , et al. TFOS DE WS II pathophysiology report[ J]. Ocul Surf, 2017, 15(3): 438-510.
15. Bai Y, Ngo W, Khanal S, et al. Human precorneal tear film and lipid layer dynamics in meibomian gland dysfunction[J]. Ocul Surf, 2021, 21: 250-256.
16. Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et al. TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report[ J]. Ocul Surf, 2017, 15(3): 334-365.
17. Chen C. A glimpse of the first eight months of the COVID-19 literature on Microsoft academic graph: themes, citation contexts, and uncertainties[ J]. Front Res Metr Anal, 2020, 5: 607286.
18. van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer[ J]. Scientometrics, 2017, 111(2): 1053-1070.
19. Boudry C, Baudouin C, Mouriaux F. International publication trends in dry eye disease research: A bibliometric analysis[ J]. Ocul Surf, 2018, 16(1): 173-179
20. Zyoud SH, Waring WS, Al-Jabi SW, et al. Global cocaine intoxication research trends during 1975-2015: a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science publications[ J]. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 2017, 12(1): 6.
21. Ekundayo TC, Okoh AI. A global bibliometric analysis of Plesiomonasrelated research (1990 - 2017)[ J]. PLoS One, 2018,13(11): e0207655.
22. Dana R, Meunier J, Markowitz JT, et al. Patient-reported burden of dry eye disease in the united states: results of an online cross-sectional survey[ J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2020, 216: 7-17.
23. Song P, Xia W, Wang M, et al. Variations of dry eye disease prevalence by age, sex and geographic characteristics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis[ J]. J Glob Health, 2018, 8(2): 020503.
24. 亚洲干眼协会中国分会, 海峡两岸医药卫生交流协会眼科学专业委员会眼表与泪液病学组, 中国医师协会眼科医师分会眼表
与干眼学组. 中国干眼专家共识:定义和分类(2020年)[ J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2020, 56(6): 418-422.
Chinese Branch of the Asian Dry Eye Society, Ocular Surface and Tear Film Diseases Group of Ophthalmology Committee of Cross-Straits Medicine Exchange Association, Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association. Chinese expert consensus on dry eye: definition and classification (2020)[ J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2020, 56(6): 418-422.