目的:探讨全身麻醉诱导期应用不同种类的非去极化肌松药罗库溴铵、顺式阿曲库铵和米库氯铵对眼压升高的青光眼患者眼内压的影响。方法:将术侧眼眼压>21mmHg青光眼手术患者随机分配到罗库溴铵组、顺式阿曲库铵组和米库氯铵组。靶控输注丙泊酚至患者脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)低于55后,根据组别分别静注0.6mg/kg罗库溴铵、0.1mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵及0.2mg/kg米库氯铵,待4个成串刺激(train of four stimulation,TOF)比值降至0后置入可弯曲喉罩,随后行机械通气并给予芬太尼1.5~2.0μg/kg,2%~3%七氟烷吸入维持麻醉。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、镇静后(T1)、肌松后(T2)及喉罩置入后(T3)测量三组青光眼患者术侧眼眼压并记录上述时间点血流动力学参数。结果:罗库溴铵组、顺式阿曲库铵组、米库氯铵组患者的眼压在T1、T2、T3时间点均较T0显著下降,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001);三组患者T2时间点眼压与T1相比差异均无统计学意义(P=0.337,P=0.520,P=0.062);三组患者给予肌松药前后的眼压差值(T2–T1)分别为(0.68±4.39)、(0.36±3.72)和(1.27±3.91)mmHg,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.353)。结论:非去极化肌松药罗库溴铵、顺式阿曲库铵及米库氯铵对眼压升高的青光眼患者的眼压无明显影响,且3种肌松药之间未见显著差异。
收集2017年9月至2019年9月于复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院行青光眼手术的患者。纳入标准:择期全身麻醉下行青光眼手术的患者,术侧眼基础眼压>21mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级I~III级,年龄18~65岁。排除标准:术侧眼眼科手术史、外伤史;术侧眼存在角膜水肿、损伤或凹凸不平导致无法测得准确眼压;神经-肌肉接头相关疾病史;正在应用或近期应用影响神经肌肉传导的相关药物;相关药物过敏史;无法配合测量眼压;拒绝签署知情同意书。本研究获得复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院医学伦理委员会批准,患者均签署知情同意书。
患者入手术室后行脉搏血氧饱和度、心电图、无创血压、脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)监测及肌松监测。术侧眼采用0.4%盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液预先实施表面麻醉。麻醉诱导过程采用靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆浓度在5μg/mL)的方式,待BIS低于55,三组患者分别静注肌松药物(0.6mg/kg罗库溴铵、0.1mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵和0.2mg/kg米库氯铵)。待4个成串刺激(train of four
stimulation,TOF)的比值降为0后,置入可弯曲喉罩并采用压力控制模式行机械通气。麻醉维持过程采用2.5%~3%七氟烷吸入复合静注1.5~2.0μg/kg芬太尼,术毕停止七氟烷吸入并静注丙泊酚(0.5~1.0mg/kg)后将患者转运至麻醉后恢复室(post anesthesia care unit,PACU)。
将135名符合条件的受试者按照1:1:1的随机化比例分配到罗库溴铵组、顺式阿曲库铵组和米库氯铵组。其中罗库溴铵组有5名患者、顺式阿曲库铵组有1名患者、米库氯铵组有4名患者的数据因眼压计测量出错、肌松药物应用出错等因素被剔除。罗库溴铵组、顺式阿曲库铵组和米库氯铵组3组患者的性别(P=0.081)、年龄(F=0.142,P=0.868)、ASA分级(P=0.095)、体重指数(body
mass index,BMI)(F=0.083,P=0.920)比较,差异均无统计学意义(表1)。
图1 三组患者在全身麻醉诱导过程中各时间点眼压的比较 Figure 1 Comparison of intraocular pressure during induction
of general anesthesia among the 3 groups
与T0时间点相比,*P<0.05;与T1时间点相比,#
P<0.05;与
T2时间点相比,$
P<0.05。
Compared with T0, *P<0.05; Compared with T1 time point,
#
P<0.05; Compared with T2,
$
P<0.05.
1、上海市科学技术委员会项目 (16DZ1911108)。This work was supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project, China (16DZ1911108)
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