(A) right eye with congested and edematous optic papillae with unclear borders; (B) left eye with clear and slightly pale optic disc borders; (C、D)The right optic disc edema disappeared and has a clear borders after one and a half months of treatment.
图 2 FFA(2021-04-20)
Figure 2 FFA examination(2021-04-20)
右眼未见异常荧光,左眼视盘呈强荧光,荧光逐渐增强,晚期视盘荧光素渗漏。
It showed no abnormal fluorescence in the right eye and strong fluorescence in the optic disc of the left eye, with gradually increasing fluorescence and late fluorescein leakage from the optic disc.
图 3 FFA(2022-03-28)
Figure 3 FFA examination(2022-03-28)
右眼视盘早期呈强荧光,荧光逐渐增强,晚期视盘荧光素渗漏,左眼未见异常荧光。
It showed no abnormal fluorescence in the left eye and strong fluorescence in the optic disc of the right eye, with gradually increasing fluorescence and late fluorescein leakage from the optic disc.
图 4 视盘 OCT
Figure 4 OCT examination of the optic disc
右眼视盘视神经纤维层水肿、增厚,左眼视盘视神经纤维层萎缩、变薄。
It showed edema and thickening of the optic nerve fiber layer in the right eye and atrophy and thinning of the optic nerve fiber layer in the left eye.
图 5 黄斑 OCT
Figure 5 OCT examination of the macula
双眼黄斑区视网膜形态正常,层间未见异常信号。
It showed the morphology of retina in macular region of both eyes is normal, and no abnormal signal is found between layers.
It showed that the right optic nerve was thickened, with long T2 signal and uneven T1 reinforcement in the intraorbital and tubular segments, and the left optic nerve was slightly smaller than the contralateral one, and the T1 reinforcement was slightly reduced compared with the contralateral one.
1、西南医科大学校级基金资助计划 (2020ZRQNB040);四川省科技计划资助 (2022YFS0611)。This work was supported by Research Project of Institutions of Southwest MedicalUniversity (2020ZRQNB040); Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0611).
参考文献
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during acute and early HIV-1 infection[ J]. J Infect Dis, 2010, 201(9):
1298-1302.
37、Sun S, Kong W, Cui X, et al. The abnormal distribution of NK cell
subsets before HAART treatment may be related to the level of immune
reconstitution in HIV patient[ J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2021, 96:
107784.
38、荆凡辉, 吕玮, 李太生. HIV感染者免疫功能重建新视角: CD4/
CD8比值[ J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2018, 24(6): 643-646.
Jin F W, Lv W, Li TS. A new perspective of immune function reconstruction in HIV-infected people: CD4/CD8 ratio[ J]. AIDS and
STD in China,2018, 24(6): 643-646.
39、Wallis RS, Kalayjian R, Jacobson JM, et al. A study of the immunology,
virology, and safety of prednisone in HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4
cell counts of 200 to 700 mm -3[ J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr,
2003, 32(3): 281-286.
40、Stanley TL, Fourman LT, Feldpausch MN, et al. Effects of tesamorelin
on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind,
multicentre trial[ J]. Lancet HIV, 2019, 6(12): e821-e830.
41、Eustace JA , Nuermberger E, Choi M, et al. Cohort study of
the treatment of severe H IV-assoc iated nephropathy w ith
corticosteroids[ J]. Kidney Int, 2000, 58(3): 1253-1260.
42、Vandewalle J, Luypaert A , De Bosscher K , et al. Therapeutic
mechanisms of glucocorticoids[ J]. Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2018,
29(1): 42-54.
43、Pandey V, Tiwari G, Mall VS, et al. Interaction between gp120 and
ligand in HIV-1 env protein: molecular dynamics simulations and
binding free energy calculations[ J]. AIP Conf Proc, 2019, 2142(1):
110031.
44、Rezaie A, Parmar R , Rendon C, et al. HIV-associated vacuolar
myelopathy: a rare initial presentation of HIV[ J]. SAGE Open Med
Case Rep, 2020, 8: 2050313X20945562.
45、Tsang CSP, Samaranayake LP. Immune reconstitution inflammatory
syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review[ J]. Oral
Dis, 2010, 16(3): 248-256.
46、Lutgen V, Narasipura SD, Barbian HJ, et al. HIV infects astrocytes in
vivo and egresses from the brain to the periphery[ J]. PLoS Pathog,
2020, 16(6): e1008381.
47、Sellner J, Hemmer B, Mühlau M. The clinical spectrum and
immunobiology of parainfectious neuromyelitis optica(Devic)
syndromes[ J]. J Autoimmun, 2010, 34(4): 371-379.
48、Younas M, Psomas C, Reynes J, et al. Immune activation in the
course of HIV-1 infection: causes, phenotypes and persistence under
therapy[ J]. HIV Med, 2016, 17(2): 89-105.
49、Levy JA. HIV and the pathogenesis of AIDS[ J]. J Neurovirol, 1995,
1(3/4): 322.
50、Mader S, Kümpfel T, Meinl E. Novel insights into pathophysiology and
therapeutic possibilities reveal further differences between AQP4-IgGand MOG-IgG-associated diseases[ J]. Curr Opin Neurol, 2020, 33(3):
362-371.
51、Crane JM, Lam C, Rossi A, et al. Binding affinity and specificity of
neuromyelitis optica autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 M1/M23 isoforms
and orthogonal arrays[ J]. J Biol Chem, 2011, 286(18): 16516-16524.
52、Bhigjee AI, Moodley AA, Roos I, et al. The neuromyelitis optica
presentation and the aquaporin-4 antibody in HIV-seropositive and
seronegative patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa[ J]. South Afr J
HIV Med, 2017, 18(1): 684.
53、Mathew T, Avati A, D'Souza D, et al. HIV infection associated
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: clinical features, imaging
findings, management and outcomes[ J]. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2019,
27: 289-293.
54、Feyissa A M, Singh P, Smith R G. Neuromyelitis optica in patients with
coexisting human immunodeficiency virus infections[ J]. Mult Scler,
2013, 19(10): 1363-1366.
55、Blanche P, Diaz E, Gombert B, et al. Devic’s neuromyelitis optica and
HIV-1 infection[ J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2000, 68(6): 795-
796.
56、杨丽萍, 贺绍月, 许可, 等. HIV感染合并视神经脊髓炎谱系疾
病一例报道并文献复习[ J]. 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志,
2022, 29(1): 40-44.
Yang LP, HE SY, Xu K, et al. HIV associated with neuromyelitis optica
spectrum disorders: a case report and literature review[ J].Chinese
Journal of Neuroimmunology and Neurology, 2022, 29(1): 40-44.
57、Olson D, Moen A, Barr E, et al. An 8-year-old boy with ascending
paralysis[ J]. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 2015, 4(4): 385-388.
58、Delgado SR , Maldonado J, Rammohan KW. CNS demyelinating
disorder with mixed features of neuromyelitis optica and multiple
sclerosis in HIV-1 infection:case report and literature review[ J]. J
Neurovirol, 2014, 20(5): 531-537.
59、Salazar R, Cerghet M, Shad A, et al. NMO-IgG positive relapsing
longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) in a seropositive
HIV patient[ J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013, 115(9): 1873-1875.
60、黄德晖, 吴卫平, 胡学强. 中国视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病诊断与
治疗指南(2021版)[ J]. 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志, 2021,
28(6): 423-436.
Huang DH, Wu WP, Hu XQ.Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment
of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in China(2021 Edition)[ J].
Chinese Journal of Neuroimmunology and Neurology. 2021, 28(6):
423-436.
61、中国免疫学会神经免疫学分会, 中华医学会神经病学分会神经
免疫学组, 中国医师协会神经内科分会神经免疫专业委员会.
中国视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病诊断与治疗指南[ J]. 中国神经免
疫学和神经病学杂志, 2016, 23(3): 155-166.
The Neuroimmunology Branch of the Chinese Immunological Society, the Neuroimmunology Group of the Neurology Branch
of the Chinese Medical Association, and the Neuroimmunology
Professional Committee of the Neurology Branch of the Chinese
Medical Association. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in China[ J]. Chinese Journal
of Neuroimmunology and Neurology, 2016, 23(3): 155-166
62、Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. International consensus
diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders[ J].
Neurology, 2015, 85(2): 177-189.