Research progress on role of autophagy in traumatic optic neuropathy
Views:10543
DOI:10.12419/j.issn.1000-4432.2023.03.11
Publication Date:2023-03-27
Author(s):
LIU Jiangying ,QIU Kairui ,ZHOU Xiaolai ,HE Liwen
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Author(s):
LIU Jiangying ,QIU Kairui ,ZHOU Xiaolai ,HE Liwen
Institution/Unit:
1.State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060
Keywords
traumatic optic neuropathy
autophagy
retinal ganglion cell
axonal degeneration
optic nerve
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy is a blinding eye disease that causes severe damage to vision due to external force damage to the optic nerve.. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway that helps maintain the balance between the synthesis
of normal cell components and the breakdown of damaged organelles and toxic cellular components. Autophagy markers are increased in optic nerve and retina after optic nerve trauma. Autophagy may play different roles on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at different stages of traumatic optic neuropathy. Most studies have shown that upregulating autophagy can attenuate RGCs death in traumatic optic neuropathy; however, it has also been suggested that inhibition of autophagy at ultra-early stage after injury can inhibit RGCs axonal degeneration. In this review, we reviewed the definition and function of autophagy, the mechanism of autophagy, and summarized the change of autophagy level after optic nerve trauma, as well as the effects of autophagy in RGCs after optic nerve trauma.
还有一些学者对视神经损伤后极早的时期进行研究,发现在该时期抑制自噬有利于减弱视神经损伤诱导的急性轴突变性。Kn?ferle等[19]发现在大鼠视神经挤压模型中,应用自噬抑制剂3-MA后90 min内,轴突变性显著延迟。作者推测对视网膜神经节细胞的机械损伤会通过激活钙通道诱导轴突内钙离子的快速增加,从而导致自噬体的二次积累,并参与轴突的退化过程,而自噬抑制剂3-MA减缓了这一过程。其中,钙离子可能通过钙调蛋白依赖的激酶β(CaMKKβ)激活腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMPK),进一步抑制mTOR并激活自噬[26]。Koch等[18]在大鼠视神经挤压伤模型中观察到,视神经挤压伤后钙离子迅速流入轴突,诱导自噬启动,导致轴突解体。通过3-MA抑制自噬,可以显著减轻360 min内急性轴突变性。Vahsen团队发现过表达显性失活ULK1(dominate negative form of ULK1)可以抑制大鼠视神经挤压伤后的急性轴突变性并促进轴突再生[27-28]。同样,ULK1抑制剂SBI-0206965的应用也可以抑制大鼠视神经挤压伤后的急性轴突变性[27]。这些研究提示,在视神经损伤极早的时期,抑制自噬的激活有助于视神经的修复。值得注意的是,上述研究并未设置更长时间的观察节点,极早的时期过后自噬与轴突损伤的关系仍有待探索。
(A) In traumatic optic neuropathy, the optic nerve is damaged and the retinal ganglion cells degenerate progressively; (B) Before the ultra-early stage of traumatic optic neuropathy, the use of 3-MA, ULK-1 DN or ULK-1 inhibitor can inhibit autophagy after optic nerve injury, alleviate acute axonal injury, and be conducive to the survival of retinal ganglion cells; (C) After the ultra-early stage of traumatic optic neuropathy, the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells increased after the application of autophagy activators such as rapamycin and p62 siRNA.
1. 国家自然科学基金(82171404);中山大学科研领军人才培育计划项目(22yklj04);科研启动经费(高水平医院建设);国家重点研发计划 (2022YFF1202901)。 This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171404); Sun Yat-sen University Scientific
Research Leading Talents Cultivation Program(22yklj04); Scientific research start-up funds (high-level hospital construction); National key research and development
program(2022YFF1202901)
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