(A) The Iowa Reference Algorithm automatically divided the area obtained by OCT into nine subfields and measured the mean thickness of each subfield. These nine subfields also constituted three concentric circular regions with a diameter of 1, 3 and 6 mm. (B) Image of OCT in macular of a IMEM patient and retina segmenting. The left part showed membrane tissue above the retina (white arrow). The right part displayed all the retina layers after segmentation by software in the same eye. IS/OS: photoreceptor inner/outer segments; OS: outer segment; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium.
Figure 2 OCT image of a IMEM patient without INL cysitc changes (A) and a IMEM patient with INL cysitc changes (B), there were many low signal cysitc areas (B; white arrows)
1.3 观察指标
1)BCVA,采用国际标准视力表检测所有观察眼的矫正视力,并转换为最小分辨角的对数值(minimum resolution angle in logarithmic,logMAR)以方便统计分析。2 )测量并分析在3个不同直径区域内RNFL、GCL、内丛状层(inner plexiform layer,IPL)、INL、OPL、ONL、光感受器层(photoreceptor,PR)的平均厚度。3)观察是否存在INL囊样改变,将37只眼分为有INL囊样改变组及非INL囊样改变组。
1、Joe SG, Lee KS, Lee JY, et al. Inner retinal layer thickness is the major
determinant of visual acuity in patients with idiopathic epiretinal
membrane[ J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2013, 91(3): e242-e243.
2、Cacciamani A, Cosimi P, Di Nicola M, et al. Correlation between outer
retinal thickening and retinal function impairment in patients with
idiopathic epiretinal membranes[ J]. Retina, 2019, 39(2): 331-338.
3、Cacciamani A, Cosimi P, Ripandelli G, et al. Epiretinal membrane
surgery: structural retinal changes correlate with the improvement of
visual function[ J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 10(1): 90.
4、Okamoto F, Sugiura Y, Okamoto Y, et al. Inner nuclear layer thickness
as a prognostic factor for metamorphopsia after epiretinal membrane
surgery[ J]. Retina, 2015, 35(10): 2107-2114.
5、宁玲. 特发性黄斑前膜手术前后光学相干断层扫描形态变化与
视力的关系[ J]. 眼科新进展, 2017, 37(11): 1068-1070.
NING Ling. Correlation between morphological changes in the
macula and visual acuity before and after idiopathic macular
epiretinal surgery[ J]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology, 2017,
37(11): 1068-1070.
6、汪向利, 马建军. 特发性视网膜前膜术后视力恢复的两种预测
因素[ J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2018, 18(1): 166-168.
WANG Xiangli, MA Jianjun. Two structural predictors of visual
outcome of idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery[ J]. International
Eye Science, 2018, 18(1): 166-168.
7、Chen SJ, Tsai FY, Liu HC, et al. Postoperative inner nuclear layer
microcysts affecting long-term visual outcomes after epiretinal
membrane surgery[ J]. Retina, 2016, 36(12): 2377-2383.
8、Frisina R, Pinackatt SJ, Sartore M, et al. Cystoid macular edema after
pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane[ J]. Graefes
Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2015, 253(1): 47-56.
9、Sigler EJ, Randolph JC, Charles S. Delayed onset inner nuclear layer
cystic changes following internal limiting membrane removal for
epimacular membrane[ J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013,
251(7): 1679-1685.
10、Govetto A, Lalane RA 3rd, Sarraf D, et al. Insights into epiretinal
membranes: presence of ectopic inner foveal layers and a new optical
coherence tomography staging scheme[ J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2017,
175: 99-113.
11、Chylack LT Jr, Wolfe JK , Singer DM, et al. The lens opacities
classification system III. The longitudinal study of cataract study
group[ J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993, 111(6): 831-836.
12、Reddy RK, Lalezary M, Kim SJ, et al. Prospective Retinal and Optic
Nerve Vitrectomy Evaluation (PROVE) study: findings at 3 months[ J].
Clin Ophthalmol, 2013, 7: 1761-1769.
13、Ichikawa Y, Imamura Y, Ishida M. Inner nuclear layer thickness, a
biomarker of metamorphopsia in epiretinal membrane, correlates
with tangential retinal displacement[ J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2018,
193: 20-27.
14、Takabatake M, Higashide T, Udagawa S, et al. Postoperative changes
and prognostic factors of visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and
aniseikonia after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane[ J]. Retina, 2018,
38(11): 2118-2127.
15、Sigler EJ. Microcysts in the inner nuclear layer, a nonspecific SD-OCT
sign of cystoid macular edema[ J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014,
55(5): 3282-3284.
16、Abegg M, Dysli M, Wolf S, et al. Microcystic macular edema: retrograde
maculopathy caused by optic neuropathy[ J]. Ophthalmology, 2014,
121(1): 142-149.
17、Song SJ, Lee MY, Smiddy WE. Ganglion cell layer thickness and visual
improvement after epiretinal membrane surgery[ J]. Retina, 2016,
36(2): 305-310.
18、Zou J, Tan W, Huang W, et al. Association between individual retinal
layer thickness and visual acuity in patients with epiretinal membrane:
a pilot study[ J]. PeerJ, 2020, 8: e9481
19、Chua J, Tham YC, Tan B, et al. Age-related changes of individual
macular retinal layers among Asians[ J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 20352.