白内障是全球首位致盲性眼病[1-3],目前全球白内障患者约2000万,其中大部分为年龄相关性白内障[3],中国每年新增白内障人数约45万,预计2020年我国白内障盲人数将达506.25万[4]。手术是治疗白内障的唯一有效方法。2010年我国白内障手术量达119万例,白内障手术率达915/100万[5]。根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)的标准,最佳矫正视力低于0.3为低视力,白内障术后最佳矫正视力超过0.3的患者应占90%以上[6]。由于各个地区的社会经济学背景、人口统计学、医学资源的可利用性及各研究的研究方法各不相同,其白内障手术后结果在各个国家和地区都不相同[1-2,7-10]。即使在白内障手术已相当完善的发达地区及国家,白内障术后出现视力损害的患者仍占一定比例。目前国内外关于白内障术眼低视力原因的研究都是基于流行病学调查,关注于手术并发症及术前已知眼部共存疾病导致的白内障术眼低视力[1-2,7-16]。术前检眼镜下未发现眼底病变(可能是因为细微的视网膜结构改变无法通过常规的检眼镜发现或因屈光介质太混浊),术眼出现低视力的患者,约占2.1%~13.2%[1-2,7-10,17],对于影响这部分患者白内障术后视力的具体原因却鲜有报道。光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)是一种全新的高分辨率、非接触性、非损伤性的视网膜成像技术,对白内障术后早期视力矫正不良的患者进行OCT检查,可发现手术前未能发现的黄斑区病变。本研究利用OCT对白内障术后早期视力不良的原因进行鉴定,分析不同眼底疾病在白内障术眼低视力患者中的分布情况。
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