目的:观察弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道(tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated two pore-domain potassium channels,TREK-TRAAK K2P)激活对氧化损伤的人视网膜色素上皮细胞(retinal pigment epithelial, RPE)吞噬功能的影响。方法:免疫荧光法检测TREK-1、TREK-2及TRAAK通道蛋白在人RPE细胞的表达,以不同时间和浓度梯度的叔丁基过氧化氢(tert-butyl hydroperoxide, t-BHP)诱导人RPE细胞氧化损伤。分对照组、t-BHP组、利鲁唑加t-BHP组,利鲁唑组,向各组加入2×107/mL的荧光微球或FITC标记猪感光细胞外节膜盘孵育6 h,固定染色后荧光显微镜拍照,Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析计算RPE细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。结果:TREK-1、TREK-2、TREEK通道蛋白亚型在人RPE细胞质中均高表达。人RPE细胞在t-BHP干预后存活率呈浓度和时间依赖性,200 μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h与对照组存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),400μmol/L t-BHP干预6 h致半数死亡。特异性吞噬指数:t-BHP组低于其他各组(P<0.001),而利鲁唑组高于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。特异性吞噬率:t-BHP组低于其他各组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非特异性吞噬指数:t-BHP组低于其他各组(P<0.001);非特异性吞噬率:t-BHP组低于利鲁唑加t-BHP组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两两比较,仅利鲁唑组高于t-BHP组(P<0.05)。结论:激活TREK-TRAAK K2P通道可保护氧化损伤人RPE细胞的吞噬功能。
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文章亮点
1.关键发现
· 弱内向整流相关及花生四烯酸激活的弱内向整流相关双孔钾离子通道(tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related-tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying related arachidonic acid activated two pore-domain potassium channels,TREK-TRAAK K2P)表达于人视网膜色素上皮细胞(retinal pigment epithelial, RPE)细胞质。
Immunofluorescence labeling demonstrates that TREK-1 (×100), TREK-2, and TRAAK proteins (×40) were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, with intensified fluorescence around the nucleus.
Table 1 Survival rate of RPE cells detected by MTT assay after induction of oxidative damage by different concentrations and durations of t-BHP (n=5,x±s)
(A) Diluted POS labeled with FITC (FITC-POS); (B) Human RPE cells after a 6-hour co-incubation with FITC-POS, internalized POS are indicated by thin white arrows; (C) Diluted fluorescent microsphere particles; (D) Human RPE cells after a 6-hour co-incubation with fluorescent microspheres, Phagocytosed microspheres are indicated by thick white arrows.
2.4 利鲁唑激活TREK-TRAAK K2P可改善氧化损伤的人RPE细胞的特异性吞噬功能
如图3所示,荧光显微镜下拍照,Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析绿色荧光面积指数(即吞噬的FITC-POS特异性吞噬指数),对照组、利鲁唑组、t-BHP组、利鲁唑加t-BHP组的吞噬指数分别为671±47、675±65、155±26、450±58。单因素方差分析进行组间比较,t-BHP组吞噬指数低于其他各组,与各组之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),而利鲁唑组吞噬指数稍高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
各组的特异性吞噬率:对照组(96.0±1.0)%、利鲁唑组(89.7±2.1)%、t-BHP组(80.7±8.3)%、利鲁唑加t-BHP组(81.0±2.6)%,t-BHP组吞噬率低于其他各组,但两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),正常组吞噬率大于利鲁唑组,但差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
图3 各组处理后RPE细胞对FITC-POS的特异性吞噬
Figure 3 Specific phagocytosis of FITC-POS by RPE cells following different treatments
N: Control group; R: Riluzole group; T: t-BHP group; R+T: Riluzole plus t-BHP group. After 6 hours of phagocytosis, FITC-POS fluorescence was observed inside the majority of RPE cells across all groups. (A) Phagocytic index: The t-BHP group was significantly lower than all other groups (P < 0.001), while the Riluzole plus t-BHP group was significantly higher than the t-BHP group (P < 0.001). (B) Phagocytic index: Only the control group was significantly higher than the t-BHP model group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed among the other groups. *: P < 0.05, ***: P < 0.001.
N: Control group; R: Riluzole group; T: t-BHP group; R+T: Riluzole plus t-BHP group. After 6 hours of phagocytosis, fluorescent microsphere particles were observed inside the majority of RPE cells in all groups. (A) Non-specific phagocytic index: The t-BHP group was significantly lower than all other groups. (B) Non-specific phagocytic rate: The Riluzole group was slightly higher than the t-BHP group. No statistically significant differences were observed among the other groups.
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