Extraction of dynamic and static information of the pupil
based on simple equipment and algorithms
Views:
3437
DOI:
10.12419/24103108
Publication Date:
2025/08/28
Author(s):
YU Wentong1, YE Qingqing1, FENG Lei1, XU Zixuan1, HE Yunsi1, ZHOU Yusong1, PANG Yangfei1, ZHONG Yudan1, LI Qiuying1, YUAN Junpeng1, LIU Jing1, LI Jingrong1
YU Wentong1, YE Qingqing1, FENG Lei1, XU Zixuan1, HE Yunsi1, ZHOU Yusong1, PANG Yangfei1, ZHONG Yudan1, LI Qiuying1, YUAN Junpeng1, LIU Jing1, LI Jingrong1
Institution/Unit:
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Objective: To design a method for extracting dynamic and static information of the pupil and to establish a database of pupil dynamic and static information in a healthy population. Methods: From January to July 2023, subjects without any ocular or systemic diseases were recruited from the ophthalmology outpatient department. An industrial-grade infrared camera, paired with an 850nm infrared light source, was used to record 20-second videos of the pupil area of each subject. Horizontal pupil diameter data was extracted and saved as txt files. The data was analyzed using R software to construct fitted lines of peaks and troughs during the pupil constriction and dilation process, and the frequency of pupil contraction and dilation was estimated. Results: Pupil dynamic data was collected from 32 subjects with an age range of 7 to 61 years, of whom 50% were male. The spherical equivalent range was from +5.00 D to -5.625 D. The average number of pupil contractions and dilations within the 20-second recordings was (15 ± 7) cycles. Based on the trend of fitted lines for peaks and troughs, pupil dynamic types were categorized into three types: dilation type, stable type, and contraction type. The stable type was further divided into stable dilation, stable constant, and stable contraction subtypes. 25 subjects exhibiting the constriction type. A paired t-test showed no significant difference in the slope and intercept of the fitted lines for peaks and troughs between both eyes. Conclusion: Low-cost and simple equipment combined with algorithms can efficiently and quickly extract dynamic and static pupil information.
peak_fit_predictions <-predict(peak fit) filtered peaks<-peak x[peak y>peak fit predictions] valley fit predictions <-predict(valley fit) filtered valleys <-valley x[valley y<valley fit predictions]
图 2 瞳孔舒缩频率的估算值
Figure 2 Estimated values of pupil dilation/constriction frequency
(A) 波峰、波谷提取;(B)波峰、波谷拟合;(C) 舒缩频率拟合。
(A) Extraction of peaks and troughs; (B) Fitting of peaks and troughs; (C) Fitting of contraction and relaxation frequency.
(A) 平均瞳孔直径与年龄呈负相关;(B) 平均瞳孔直径与等效球镜度无关。
(A) Average pupil diameter is negatively correlated with age; (B) Average pupil diameter is not correlated with spherical equivalent refraction.
独立样本t检验提示瞳孔横径平均值与性别无关(男4.85±0.84 vs 女4.94±0.74,t=0.298,P=0.773)。
配对t检验提示双眼的过滤后波峰、波谷拟合线的斜率、截距差异均无统计学意义。过滤后波峰拟合线斜率:-0.000 6±0.006 8 vs. -0.000 7±0.001 2,t=-1.80,P=0.082;过滤后波峰拟合线截距:5.03±1.07 vs. 5.11±0.87,t=-0.87,P=0.389;过滤后波谷拟合线斜率:-0.000 8±0.003 9 vs -0.000 8±0.002 5,t=0.56,P=0.583;过滤后波谷拟合线截距:4.53±1.25 vs. 4.73±0.78,t=-1.39,P=0.17。
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