Prevalence of anisometropia and its influencing factors among school-aged children and adolescents in various regions of Xinjiang
Views:
4852
DOI:
10.12419/25032401
Publication Date:
2025/10/28
Author(s):
WEI Bixia1, QIN Yanli1, LIU Qi1, DING Lin1, SHEN Tao2
WEI Bixia1, QIN Yanli1, LIU Qi1, DING Lin1, SHEN Tao2
Institution/Unit:
People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060,China
Objective: To evaluate and analyze the prevalence, spatial distribution characteristics, and influencing factors of anisometropia among school-aged children and adolescents aged 6-18 across 14 regions in Xinjiang, thereby providing a scientific foundation for formulation of regional eye health intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, including 64,277 students from primary, middle, and high schools in 14 prefectures of Xinjiang. Data on demographic characteristics, refractive status, and geographical distribution were collected. Refractive status was assessed using spherical equivalent (SE). Myopia was defined as SE ≤ -0.50 D, and anisometropia was defined as an interocular SE difference ≥ 1.0 D. Moran's I analysis was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of anisometropia prevalence. Additionally, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for anisometropia. Results: The overall prevalence of anisometropia was 17.9% (95% CI: 17.6%-18.2%). The prevalence was higher among females (18.8%) compared to males (16.9%), and higher among Han Chinese (23.9%) than among Uyghurs (11.7%) and other ethnic groups (18.4%) (P<0.001). The prevalence of anisometropia showed a spatially clustered distribution (Moran's I = 0.450, P= 0.043, Z-score = 2.026) , with notable regional variations. Changji had the highest prevalence (24.1%), while Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Region had the lowest (7.9%). Urban areas (19.0%) had a higher prevalence than rural areas (15.6%), and northern Xinjiang (19.9%) had a higher prevalence than southern Xinjiang (13.5%) (P<0.001). The prevalence of anisometropia was positively correlated with age, increasing from 9.8% at age 6 to 22.4% at age 18. Multivariate regression analysis showed that female gender, residing in northern Xinjiang, myopia, and older age were independent risk factors for anisometropia. Conclusions: The prevalence of anisometropia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xinjiang is relatively high, showing a spatially clustered distribution with significant demographic and regional disparities. Female gender, residing in northern Xinjiang, myopia, and older age are independent risk factors for anisometropia. It is recommended to enhance vision screening and implement early intervention for high-risk populations.
Figure 1 Proportion of anisometropia by severity in different refractive groups
2.2 屈光参差患病率的地域分布特征
全局空间自相关分析显示,屈光参差患病率的空间分布是聚集而不是随机分布的(Moran's I = 0.450,P = 0.043,Z = 2.026)(图2B)。屈光参差患病率高的地区集中于北疆地区。患病率最高的3个地区为北疆的昌吉(24.1%)、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(23.0%)和阿勒泰(22.1%),最低的3个地区为北疆的吐鲁番(12.1%)、南疆的喀什(8.9%)和克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州(7.9%)。除博州外,其他地区屈光参差程度构成比均表现为轻度>中度>重度,屈光参差变化趋势类似于近视变化趋势(图3)。屈光参差值也存在地域差异,城市地区高于农村地区,北疆地区高于南疆地区(P<0.001),见图4。
图2 屈光参差患病率的全局空间自相关分析
Figure 2 Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of anisometropia prevalence
图3 不同地区屈光参差构成比情况
Figure 3 Composition ratio of anisometropia at different prefectures
图4 地域分布屈光参差值比较
Figure 4 Comparison of anisometropia values across different regions
(A)南北疆的屈光参差值比较;(B)城乡的屈光参差值比较。 *** 代表P<0.001。
(A) Comparison of anisometropia values between northern and southern Xinjiang; (B) Comparison of anisometropia values between urban and rural areas. *** 代表P<0.001.
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