图 1 A 一例 8 岁男性假性视乳头水肿患者的右眼视盘 OCT 扫描 ( 图 A,绿色箭头 )。可见视盘周围高反射性卵圆形团块样结构 ( 图 B,红色箭头 ),其上方被覆视网膜向上、外方偏移。行视盘 OCT 检查 ( 范围 15 ° ×15 ° )ART(7),选取视盘区单线扫描模式 (6 mm) 对视盘鼻侧扫描。
Figure 1 A The OCT scanning (figure A,green arrow) revealed PHOMS (figure B,red arrow) in the right optic disc of an 8-year-old boy with pseudopapilledema. The overlying retinal layers were deflected anteriorly and radially outward. The single line scanning mode of optic disc (range 15° ×15° , ART 7, 6mm) was selected for the scanning of nasal optic disc.
图 2 一例 8 岁男性假性视乳头水肿患者的右眼视盘 OCT 扫描。
Figure 2 The OCT scanning revealed PHOMS in the right optic disc of an 8-year-old boy with pseudopapilledema.
PHOMS 三维重建 (3D View) 立体视 ( 图 A) 和断面观 ( 图 B)。行视盘 OCT 检查 ( 范围 15 ° ×15 ° ),选取加密精细扫描模式 (6 mm×6 mm, 间隔 11 μm),采用 Spectralis OCT 自带软件对加密精细扫描模式结果进行三维重建。
The three-dimensional reconstruction stereogram (figure A) and cross-section view (figure B) of PHOMS. The precision scan mode (range 15 ° ×15 ° ,6mm×6mm,interval 11μm) was selected, and PHOMS was reconstructed by Spectralis OCT software.
图 3 一例 8 岁男性假性视乳头水肿患者的右眼视盘 OCT 扫描。
Figure 3 The OCT scanning revealed PHOMS in the right optic disc of an 8-year-old boy with pseudopapilledema.
(A-H) 通过 OCT B-scan 扫描成像技术对视盘周围连续扫描,可见 PHOMS( 红色箭头 )。行视盘 OCT 检查 ( 范围15° ×15° ),选取加密精细扫描模式 (6mm×6mm, 间隔 11μm),对兴趣区进行选择扫描。
Continuous scanning of OCT B-scan in the optic disc showed PHOMS (A-H,red arrow). OCT scanning of optic disc(range 15° ×15° )was performed with the precision scan mode(6mm×6mm,interval 11μm)for scanning of the region of interest.
Fundus photography showed that the boundary of the nasal optic disc was unclear, and presented as a C-shaped halo (figure A).No spontaneous fluorescence was observed on the spontaneous fluorescence image (figure B). PHOMS (figure D, red arrow) was detected by the nasal volume scan of EDI-OCT (figure C).
A hypertensive dot (figure A, red arrow) was identifiable in the orbital CT of a patient with ODD, and a round hyperechoic structure (figure B, red arrow) of optic disc on the posterior wall of the eyeball was observed in the ultrasound.
Orbital CT of PHOMS of a patient was unremarkable (figure A). The ultrasound showed a tuberosity of optic disc (figure B, red arrow) on the posterior wall of the eyeball, and there was no hyperechoic structure.
3. 陕西省科技计划项目 (2022SF-381, 2023-YBSF-048, 2021SF-333);西安市科技计划项目 [20YXYJ0008(1)]。 This work
was supported by Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province(2021SF-381, 2023-YBSF-048, 2021SF-333); Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an City,
[20YXYJ0008(1)].
参考文献
1. Torm MEW, Belmouhand M, Munch IC, et al. Migration of an outer
retinal element in a healthy child followed by longitudinal multimodal
imaging. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep, 2020, 18: 100637.
2. Saito M, Barbazetto IA, Spaide RF. Intravitreal cellular infiltrate imaged
as punctate spots by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in
eyes with posterior segment inflammatory disease. Retina, 2013, 33(3):
559-565.
3. 于洪云, 程沛林. OCT联合FFA对埋藏性视盘玻璃膜疣诊断价
值. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2016, 34(12): 1311-1313.
Yu H, Cheng PL. Diagnosis of buried optic disc drusen by the
combination of OCT and FFA. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2016,
34(12): 1311-1313.
4. 谭耀, 高玲. 视盘玻璃疣的研究现状及进展. 中华眼底病杂志,
2020, 36(8): 648-652.
Tan Y, Gao L. Optic disc drusen: a review. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,
2020, 36(08): 648-652.
5. Borrelli E, Barboni P, Battista M, et al. Peripapillary hyperreflective
ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS): OCTA may reveal new findings.
Eye (Lond), 2021, 35(2): 528-531.
6. Wirtschafter JD. Optic nerve axons and acquired alterations in the
appearance of the optic disc. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 1983, 81:
1034-1091.
7. Petzold A. Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal
injury, degeneration and loss. J Neurol Sci, 2005, 233(1/2): 183-198.
8. Knox DL, Kerrison JB, Green WR. Histopathologic studies of ischemic
optic neuropathy. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 2000, 98: 203-222.
9. Zhang W, Bi DG, Peng XY, et al. Peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid
mass-like structure and dome-shaped maculopathy: a case report.
Medicine (Baltimore), 2022, 101(3): e28652.
10. Xie X, Liu T, Wang W, et al. Clinical and multi-mode imaging features
of eyes with peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures.
Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 796667.
11. Hayreh SS. Pathogenesis of optic disc edema in raised intracranial
pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2016, 50: 108-144.
12. Wibroe EA, Malmqvist L, Hamann S. OCT based interpretation of
the optic nerve head anatomy and prevalence of optic disc drusen in
patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Life (Basel),
2021, 11(6): 584.
13. Lee KM, Woo SJ, Hwang JM. Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid masslike structures: is it optic disc drusen or not? J Neuroophthalmol, 2018,
38(4): 567-568.
14. Skougaard M, Heegaard S, Malmqvist L, et al. Prevalence and
histopathological signatures of optic disc drusen based on microscopy
of 1713 enucleated eyes. Acta Ophthalmol, 2020, 98(2): 195-200.
15. Lee KM, Choung HK, Kim M, et al. Positional change of optic nerve
head vasculature during axial elongation as evidence of lamina cribrosa
shifting: boramae myopia cohort study report 2. Ophthalmology, 2018,
125(8): 1224-1233.
16. Lyu IJ, Park KA, Oh SY. Association between myopia and peripapillary
hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures in children. Sci Rep, 2020,
10(1): 2238.
17. 范媛媛, 魏文斌. 视盘倾斜及其相关性研究现状. 国际眼科纵览,
2016, 40(2)73-80.
Fan YY, Wei WB. Research progress on morphology and associations of
tilted optic disc. Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2016, 40(2): 73-80.
18. Wicklein R , Wauschkuhn J, Giglhuber K , et al. Association of
peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid masslike structures and disease
duration in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol, 2021,
28(12): 10.1111/ene.15056.
19. Fraser JA, Ruel?kke LL, Malmqvist L, et al. Prevalence of optic disc
drusen in young patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic
neuropathy: a 10-year retrospective study. J Neuroophthalmol, 2021,
41(2): 200-205.
20. Hamann S, Malmqvist L, Wegener M, et al. Young adults with anterior
ischemic optic neuropathy: a multicenter optic disc drusen study. Am J
Ophthalmol, 2020, 217: 174-181.
21. Dai A, Malmqvist L, Rothenbuehler SP, et al. OCT based interpretation
of the optic nerve head anatomy in young adults with retinal vascular
occlusions and ischemic optic neuropathy. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2021,
31(5): 2563-2570.
22. Teixeira FJ, Marques RE, Mano SS, et al. Optic disc drusen in children:
morphologic features using EDI-OCT. Eye (Lond), 2020, 34(9): 1577-
1584
23. Traber GL, Weber KP, Sabah M, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical
coherence tomography of optic nerve head drusen: a comparison of
cases with and without visual field loss. Ophthalmology, 2017, 124(1):
66-73.
24. Petzold A, Coric D, Balk LJ, et al. Longitudinal development of
peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid masslike structures suggests a novel
pathological pathway in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol, 2020, 88(2):
309-319.
25. Malmqvist L, Bursztyn L, Costello F, et al. Peripapillary hyperreflective
ovoid mass-like structures: is it optic disc drusen or not? J
Neuroophthalmol, 2018, 38(4): 568-570.
26. Pichi F, Romano S, Villani E, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence
tomography findings in pediatric tilted disc syndrome. Albrecht Von
Graefes Arch Fur Klinische Und Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 252(10):
1661-1667.
27. Malmqvist L, Bursztyn L, Costello F, et al. The optic disc drusen studies
consortium recommendations for diagnosis of optic disc drusen using
optical coherence tomography. J Neuroophthalmol, 2018, 38(3): 299-
307.
28. Fraser JA, Sibony PA, Petzold A, et al. Peripapillary hyper-reflective
ovoid mass-like structure (PHOMS): an optical coherence tomography
marker of axoplasmic stasis in the optic nerve head. J Neuroophthalmol,
2021, 41(4): 431-441.
29. Petzold A, Biousse V, Bursztyn L, et al. Multirater validation of
peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS).
Neuroophthalmology, 2020, 44(6): 413-414.
30. Kulkarni KM, Pasol J, Rosa PR, et al. Differentiating mild papilledema
and buried optic nerve head drusen using spectral domain optical
coherence tomography. Ophthalmology, 2014, 121(4): 959-963.
31. Lee KM, Woo SJ, Hwang JM. Differentiation of optic nerve head
drusen and optic disc edema with spectral-domain optical coherence
tomography. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(5):971-977.