(A) Patient presents with a salmon-pink, poorly circumscribed subconjunctival mass with a maximum diameter of 1 cm on the medial wall of right orbit; (B) Axial and coronal computed tomography (CT) scan reveals multiple irregular-shaped soft tissue masses with unclear boundary in the medial and inferior wall of the orbit (red arrows), mostly contained inside the muscle cone, with marked homogeneous contrast enhancement (yellow arrow).
2.2 肉眼观察
送检眶内容标本大小4.5 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm,皮肤范围3.8 cm × 1.7 cm,眼球大小2.4 cm × 2.4 cm ×2.3 cm,于眶内容鼻侧见一不规则肿物,大小2.7 cm ×2.4 cm ×1.2 cm,切面灰红、灰褐色,实性,质地较细腻;另见灰黄、灰褐色碎组织,大小2.5 cm ×2.4 cm ×1 cm。
(A) The tumor is composed of hypercellular and tightly arrays of uniform spindle cells with collagen and vessels interspersed between the tumour cells (HE, ×40); (B) The tumor exhibits atypical spindle cell morphology with ovoid or rounded nuclei and scattered mitotic figures(arrow; HE, ×400); (C) Infiltration of the scleral surface is noted (HE, ×100); (D) Infiltration of the striated muscle is noted (HE, ×100).
荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测:荧光显微镜下计数200个肿瘤细胞,>50%的肿瘤细胞内可见红绿分离信号,即有SS18基因易位(图4)。从而进一步证实我院报道的该例肿瘤具有特征性的t(x:18)(p11;q11)染色体易位,导致SS18(SYT)-SSX融合基因的产生,符合滑膜肉瘤的诊断。
图3 右眼鼻侧下方滑膜肉瘤患者免疫组织化学染色特征(IHC,×400)
Figure 3 Immunohistochemical stains of the patients with synovial sarcoma on the lower nasal right orbit (IHC, ×400)
(A) Vimentin expression in tumor cells; (B) Calpolnin expression in tumor cells; (C) CD99 expression in tumor cells; (D) Partial deletion of expression of INI-1 in tumor cells.
图4 FISH法检测到SS18分离信号(箭头所示)
Figure 4 SS18 separation signal (arrows) detected by FISH
2.5 病理诊断及随访
( 右眼眶)滑膜肉瘤(单相纤维型) 。随访4个月,未见肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。
3 讨论
S S是一种具有间叶和上皮双相分化的恶性肿瘤,在细胞遗传学上具有特异性的t(X;18)(p11;q11),并产生SS18(SYT)-SSX融合性基因[2]。SS好发于15~40岁的青少年,中位年龄为30岁,也可发生于10岁以下的儿童,男性多见[14]。SS病变部位广泛,大部分发生于四肢大关节附近,也可发生于身体内无滑膜的部位,如心包、肺、肾和头颈部等[2]。头颈部SS由Jernstrom[15]在1954年首次报道。既往研究[16]显示:头颈部SS尚常见,约占所有SS的3%~10%,年轻男性患者多见,临床上多表现为锥体旁口咽部和喉部的软组织肿块,也可出现声音嘶哑及吞咽困难。眼眶部位SS罕见,且均为个案报道,我们总结的共11例眼眶SS患者中年轻女性患者多见(男:女=2:9),与其他部位相比,该性别优势的具体原因不清楚,可能是由于病例数目较少,不一定具有统计学意义,也可能需要更多的大样本研究进行报道。本组病例术前病程范围较广,从1周到13年,11例中5例症状至少出现3年以上,可能由于早期肿瘤生长缓慢且位置较深难以发现,通常在肿瘤发生多年后出现临床症状而就诊。
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