本研究已获得佛山市第二人民医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,同时将试验方法、可能存在的风险及应对方案告知患者,并在患者同意下签署知情同意书。检查仪器:Corvis ST(Oculus,德国)、A型超声角膜测厚仪(A-scan Plus,美国)、Lenstar LS 900(Haag-Streit,瑞士)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 Corvis ST角膜生物力学分析仪检查
嘱近视患者下颌部置于下颌托,额头紧贴额托,嘱受检者眨眼数次后睁开双眼并注视中央红点固视目标;将Corvis ST 检查仪测压头对准角膜顶点后进行自动识别,均匀向角膜施加空气脉冲压力,完成1次操作;重复检查5次,两次测量之间间隔2~5 min,在5次获取的CCT中取图像质量最好的一次并将CCT纳入本研究。
Table 1 Comparison of difffference of CCT measured by three instruments in each group
2.1.2 相关性
Corvis ST、A超、Lenstar测量值的正态性检验分别为P=0.032、P<0.001、P=0.916,3组数据不完全合正态分布,采用Spearman分析法。CorvisST与A超、Lenstar间呈高度正相关(r=0.841,P<0.001;r=0.832,P<0.001);Lenstar与A超呈高度正相关性(r=0.905,P<0.001)。 表1各分组三种仪器测量CCT的差异性比较 Table 1 Comparison of difference of CCT measured by three instruments in each group
图5厚角膜组Corvis ST与A超的Bland-Altman一致性分析 Figure 5 Bland Altman consistency analysis of Corvis ST and A ultrasound in the thick cornea group
图5 厚角膜组 Corvis ST与A超的Bland-Altman一致性分析
Figure 5 Bland Altman consistency analysis of Corvis ST and A ultrasound in the thick cornea group
图6 厚角膜组Corvis ST与Lenstar的Bland-Altman一致性分析 Figure 6 Bland Altman consistency analysis of Corvis ST and Lenstar in the thick cornea group
3 讨论
在角膜屈光手术研究领域,角膜厚度是一个重要的监测指标[6-7],也是屈光手术设计方案及矫正屈光度数的必要参数[8],因此角膜厚度测量成为术前检查必要步骤。目前对角膜厚度测量的仪器繁多,包括角膜接触式的A型角膜测厚仪、非接触式的Lenstar LS 900测厚仪以及最新引进的Corvis ST超高速Scheimpflug动态成像仪,但在角膜厚度测量上也存在差异。临床研究更倾向于寻找简易便捷、精准度较高且无创的角膜厚度测量方法。Hon等[9]、祖培培等[10]的研究表明:Corvis ST的检测值具有较高的可重复性。本研究主要通过将Corvis ST与A超、Lenstar两种仪器在角膜厚度测量上的对比,探究Corvis ST与后两者的差异性、相关性与一致性,研究其使用特点,为屈光术前检查提供新的参考。
在角膜厚度测量上,传统的A型超声角膜测厚仪被公认为测量的“金标准”,其原理是通过测量超声波穿过角膜所需时间来计算角膜厚度,优点在于其测量的精准度高、可重复性好,在Iskander等[11]的研究中已经被证实。但其无法进行对角膜厚度进行多点测量,同时,由于需要接触角膜,一定程度上增加了角膜感染的概率。其次,测量值也会受到操作者与受检者的影响[12]。随着越来越多无创方法的出现,超声测厚仪逐渐被取代。Lenstar LS 900是一种非接触式光学仪器[13],以光学低相干反射为原理使其理论上具有较好的精确性和分辨率[14]。同时Tappeiner等[15]、黄磊等[16]的研究也表明Lenstar具有检测时间短、重复性高的特点,因此本文与该仪器作对比有临床意义。
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