经过全身激素冲击、高浓度乙醇拮抗、血液透析、高压氧、营养神经、抗氧化、扩血管等治疗2月后,右眼视力0.025,左眼视力0.025,右眼眼压14 mmHg,左眼眼压15 mmHg,右眼结膜无充血,角膜透明,KP(-),前房中深,房水清,虹膜纹理清,瞳孔直径3 mm ×3 mm,晶状体透明,视网膜平伏,视盘苍白,边界清晰,C/D=0.8。左眼结膜无充血,角膜透明,KP(-),前房中深,房水清,虹膜纹理清,瞳孔直径3 mm ×3 mm,晶状体透明,视网膜平伏,视盘苍白,边界清,C/D=0.8。VEP示双眼反应中度异常。OCT示双眼杯盘比增大,双眼黄斑区无局灶性RPE脱离。
(A-C) Examination findings at initial presentation: Fundus photography showed pale optic discs with ill-defined margins; (A) OCT revealed focal RPE detachment in the macular area of both eyes; (B) Localized RNFL edema at the optic disc; (C) VEP demonstrated severely reduced amplitude in both eyes. (D-F) Follow-up examination results after 2 months of treatment: (D) Fundus photography showed pinkish optic discs with clear margins in both eyes; (E) OCT showed no focal RPE detachment in the macular area, with increased cup-to-disc ratios in both eyes;(F) VEP indicated moderately abnormal FVEP responses in both eyes.
(A-D) Examination findings at initial presentation: Anterior segment photography revealed dilated pupils in both eyes approximately 7 mm × 7 mm (A). Fundus photography showed optic disc margins were ill-defined with tortuous veins in both eyes; (B) right eye C/D = 0.7, left eye C/D = 0.5; (C) OCT demonstrated RNFL edema in the optic disc region of both eyes; (D) VEP indicated severely reduced amplitude in both eyes. (E-H) Follow-up examination results after 2 months of treatment: (E) Anterior segment photography showed dilated pupils in both eyes,approximately 8 mm × 8 mm; (F) Fundus photography revealed pale optic discs with clear margins in both eyes, right eye C/D = 0.8, left eye C/D = 0.7; (G) OCT showed thinned RNFL in both eyes compared to the initial onset, with increased cup-to-disc ratios in both eyes; (H) VEP demonstrated severely reduced amplitude in both eyes, which showed some improvement compared to the initial presentation.
(A-D) Examination findings at initial presentation: (A) Fundus photography showed optic discs with pale pink color and mild edema in both eyes, C/D = 0.3; (B) Visual field testing revealed diffuse decrease in light sensitivity in the right eye with superotemporal arcuate and nasal defects, and diffuse decrease in light sensitivity with extensive absolute defects in the left eye; (C) OCT demonstrated RNFL edema in the optic disc region of both eyes; (D) VEP indicated pattern visual evoked responses within normal limits for all check sizes in the right eye, while the left eye showed moderately abnormal responses to large and medium checks and severely abnormal responses to small checks. (E-H) Followup examination results after 2 months of treatment: (E) Fundus photography showed pale pink optic discs with clear margins in both eyes, C/D = 0.3; (F) Visual field testing showed inferior arcuate and superonasal defects in the central field of the right eye, and a ring scotoma in the central field of the left eye; (G) OCT revealed reduced RNFL edema in the optic disc region compared to the initial presentation; (H) VEP demonstrated pattern visual evoked responses (PVEP) within normal reference ranges for all check sizes in the right eye, and mildly abnormal PVEP responses for all check sizes in the left eye.
2.4 随访结果
本研究对9例患者进行了 2个月至3年 的视力追踪。表1所列视力为随访2个月视力变化结果,5例进行了超过2个月的后续随访,其中,3例患者(3/5)患者视力稳定,包括病例4(随访4个月,右眼0.2/左眼1.0无变化)、病例6(电话随访18月,当地确认双眼1.0)及病例8(随访4个月,持续双眼NLP);1例患者(1/5)呈现轻微波动(病例5随访6个月:右眼FC/20 cm → FC/30 cm,左眼FC/50 cm→FC/20 cm);1例(1/5例)发生进行性下降(病例9:随访2月时双眼0.025→随访1年双眼指数→随访3年视力手动;详见补充数据)。表明多数患者急性期干预后进入视力平台期,但少数患者仍存在迟发性神经退行风险。
表1本研究 9例纳入患者的病例资料
Table 1 Clinical data of the 9 included patients in this study
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(A-C) Examination findings at initial presentation with visual acuity of no light perception (NLP) in both eyes: (A) Fundus photography showed slightly pale and edematous optic discs in both eyes; (B) FVEP demonstrated severely abnormal photic responses in both eyes; (C) OCT revealed RNFL edema in the optic disc region of both eyes. (D) At the 2-month follow-up, visual acuity improved to 0.025 in both eyes, and OCT showed thinning of the RNFL in the optic disc region of both eyes. (E-F) At the 1-year follow-up, visual acuity declined to counting fingers (FC) in both eyes, and at the 3-year follow-up, it further decreased to hand motion (HM) in both eyes, with OCT consistently indicating thinning of the RNFL in the optic disc region of both eyes at both time points. VA = visual acuity; NLP = no light perception; FC = counting fingers; HM = hand motion.
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