Etiological analysis on optic neuropathy with visual field defect of central scotoma
Views:18527
DOI:10.12419/j.issn.1000-4432.2023.03.02
Publication Date:2023-03-01
Author(s):
LIAN Ping ,SONG Huiying ,ZHOU Xiaolai ,ZHAO Xiujuan ,Lv Lin
View More
Author(s):
LIAN Ping ,SONG Huiying ,ZHOU Xiaolai ,ZHAO Xiujuan ,Lv Lin
Institution/Unit:
1.State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
Keywords
visual field
central scotoma
mitochondrial optic neuropathy
hereditary optic neuropathy
toxic optic neuropathy
Abstract
Objective: To summarize and analyze the etiology and clinical features of optic neuropathy with visual field defect of central scotoma as a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In the retrospective case study, the data of patients admitted in Neuro-ophthalmic Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2018 to March 2020, who presented with visual field defect of central scotoma and were followed up for more than 1 year, were analyzed. Both eyes of all the patients underwent best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscope and front mirror, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, humphry visual field tests and MRI of brain and orbit. We examined the blood routine, biochemical test, renal and liver function, infection indicators (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, HIV and tuberculosis T-spot), mitochondrial DNA and OPA1 gene detection of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. The follow-up time of the patients in neuro-ophthalmic department was more than 1 year. Results: A total of 20 patients were recruited. Among them, the etiological diagnosis consisted of 9 patients of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (45%), 2 of dominant optic atrophy (10%), 6 of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (30%), 2 of nutritional optic neuropathy (10%) and 1 of idiopathic demyelinating optic neuropathy (5%). The patients with hereditary optic neuropathy showed a poorer visual prognosis, especially Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, with 78% of follow-up visual acuity (≥1 year) not higher than 0.1. The visual prognosis of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy patients with mtDNA or OPA1 gene was poor. Conclusions: The optic neuropathy of visual field defects with central scotoma includes mainly hereditary, toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy. Hereditary optic neuropathy is characterized by incomplete penetrance, and genetic testing is required to exclude hereditary optic neuropathy if the visual field is the central scotoma.
Fig (A and B) are fundus colour photographs, showing symmetrical temporal pallor of the optic disc in both eyes; (C)shows symmetrical temporal thinning of the RNFL layer in both eyes; (D and E) are visual field maps of the right and left eyes respectively, showing symmetrical central scotoma in both eyes.
1. Nowomiejska K, Kiszka A, Maciejewski R, et al. Central scotoma in tobacco-alcohol toxic optic neuropathy measured with semi-automated kinetic perimetry[ J]. Cutan Ocul Toxicol, 2018, 37(4): 319-323.
2. Wang DD, Gao FJ, Li JK, et al. Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with occult macular dystrophy[ J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2020, 61(3): 10
3. Zhang XH, Xie Y, Xu QG, et al. Mitochondrial mutations in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy[ J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021, 9: 754676.
4. 中华医学会眼科学分会神经眼科学组, 兰州大学循证医学中心/世界卫生组织指南实施与知识转化合作中心. 中国脱髓鞘性视神经炎诊断和治疗循证指南(2021年) [ J]. 中华眼科杂志,
2021, 57(3): 171-186.
Neuro-Ophthalmology Group, Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Lanzhou University Evidence-Based Medicine Center/WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Transfer. Evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of demyelinating optic neuritis in China (2021) [ J]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2021, 57(3): 171-186.
5. Bidard F, Huguet F, Louvet C. Circulating tumor cells in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: the ancillary CirCe 07 study to the LAP 07 trial[ J]. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(8): 2057-2061.
6. Carelli V, La Morgia C, Valentino ML, et al. Retinal ganglion cell neurodegeneration in mitochondrial inherited disorders[ J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2009, 1787(5): 518-528.
7. Yu-Wai-Man P, Newman NJ, Carelli V, et al. Natural history of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy-results from the REALITY study[ J]. Eye (Lond), 2022, 36(4): 818-826.
8. Yen MY, Wang AG, Chang WL. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy—the spectrum of mitochondrial DNA mutations in Chinese patients[ J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2002, 46(1): 45-51.
9. Zhang AM, Zou Y, Guo X. Mitochondrial DNA mutation m.3635G>A may be associated with Leber hereditar y optic neuropathy in Chinese[ J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009, 386(2): 392-395.
10. Brown MD, Zhadanov S, Allen JC, et al. Novel mtDNA mutations and oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction in Russian LHON families[ J]. Hum Genet, 2001, 109(1): 33-39.
11. Yu-Wai-Man P, Griffiths PG, Hudson G, et al. Inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathies[ J]. J Med Genet, 2009, 46(3): 145-158.
12. Caporali L, Maresca A, Capristo M, et al. Incomplete penetrance in mitochondrial optic neuropathies[ J]. Mitochondrion, 2017, 36: 130-137.
14. Cohn AC, Toomes C, Hewitt AW, et al. The natural history of OPA1-related autosomal dominant optic atrophy[ J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2008, 92(10): 1333-1336
15. Hayashi T, Sasano H, Katagiri S, et al. Heterozygous deletion of the OPA1 gene in patients with dominant optic atrophy[ J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2017, 61(5): 395-401
16. Bremner FD, Tomlin EA, Shallo-Hoffmann J, et al. The pupil in dominant optic atrophy[ J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2001, 42(3): 675-678.
17. Kozak SF, Inderlied CB, Hsu HY, et al. The role of copper on ethambutol's antimicrobial action and implications for ethambutolinduced optic neuropathy[ J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,1998, 30(2): 83-87.
18. Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Choung HK, et al. Incidence and clinical features of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy in Korea[ J]. J Neuroophthalmol, 2008, 28(4): 269-277.
19. Stephen M. Treatment of paediatric TB: revised WHO guidelines[ J]. Paediatr Respir Rev, 2011, 12(1): 22-26.
20. Tsai RK, Lee YH. Reversibility of ethambutol optic neuropathy[ J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 1997, 13(5): 473-477.
21. Chamberlain PD, Sadaka A , Berr y S, et al. Ethambutol optic neuropathy[ J]. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2017, 28(6): 545-551.
22. Pilz YL, Bass S J, Sherman J. A review of mitochondrial optic neuropathies: from inherited to acquired forms[ J]. J Optom, 2017, 10(4): 205-214.
23. Grzybowski A, Holder GE. Tobacco optic neuropathy (TON)-the historical and present concept of the disease[ J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2011, 89(5): 495-499.
24. Jefferis J M, Hickman S J. Treatment and outcomes in nutritional optic neuropathy[ J]. Curr Treat Options Neurol, 2019, 21(1): 5.
25. Grzybowski A, Brona P. Nutritional optic neuropathy instead of tobacco-alcohol amblyopia[ J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2017, 52(5): 533
26. Korkiam?ki P, Kervinen M, Karjalainen K, et al. Prevalence of the primary LHON mutations in Northern Finland associated with bilateral optic atrophy and tobacco-alcohol amblyopia[ J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2013, 91(7): 630-634
27. Cuba Neuropathy Field Investigation Team. Epidemic optic neuropathy in Cuba—clinical characterization and risk factors[ J]. N Engl J Med, 1995, 333(18): 1176-1182.
28. Pineles SL, Avery RA, Liu GT. Vitamin B12 optic neuropathy in autism[ J]. Pediatrics, 2010, 126(4): e967-e970.
29. Lenaers G, Neutzner A, Le Dantec Y, et al. Dominant optic atrophy: culprit mitochondria in the optic nerve[ J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2021, 83: 100935.
30. Bristow EA, Griffiths PG, Andrews RM, et al. The distribution of mitochondrial activity in relation to optic nerve structure[ J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2002, 120(6): 791-796.
32. Nakajima H, Hosokawa T, Sugino M, et al. Visual field defects of optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis[ J]. BMC Neurol, 2010, 10: 45.
33. Mohamad SA, Zunaina E, Wan Hitam WH. Caecocentral scotoma: a rare presentation of optic perineuritis[ J]. Cureus, 2019, 11(11): e6101.