1.State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases
Keywords
eight-year program
whole-course tutorial system
medical education
teaching needs
satisfaction
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the teaching needs and satisfaction of the eight-year program medical students to the whole-course tutors. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted among the eight-year program medical students at Sun Yat-sen University. All students were divided the junior group and the senior group, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 352 valid questionnaires were collected. The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with their whole-course tutors was 45.56% in the junior group and 37.79% in the senior group (P=0.087). The proportion of students who were fairly satisfied with the whole-course tutorial system was 36.67% in the junior group and 33.14% in the senior group (P=0.806). The proportion of students who “know well” and “know fairly well” about the whole-course tutorial system in the junior group was significantly lower than that in the senior group (16.67% vs 77.91%, P<0.001). The proportion of students in the junior group expecting their whole-course tutors “having a great impact” or “having some impact” on career planning, clinical thinking, scientific research thinking and mental health was significantly higher than that in the senior group (tests for proportions, all P<0.001, 83.33% vs 36.63%, 92.22% vs 29.07%, 91.67% vs 31.39%, 62.78% vs 38.37%). Conclusion: The eight-year program medical students are satisfied with their whole-course tutors and the whole-course tutorial system. However, some problems still exist, such as lower grade students lack of understanding of the whole-course tutorial system, insufficient contact between tutors and students, the actual influences of tutors failing to meet the students’ expectation, and insufficient opportunity of scientific research and training. It is urgent to improve the whole-course tutorial system and promote the cultivation of qualified medical talents.
Figure 5 Expected or actual effffect of whole-course tutors on career planning, clinical thinking, scientific research thinking, and mental health of the students between the two groups (**P<0.001)
1 )开展全程导师制介绍会。选择对全程导师制“很了解”与“比较了解”的学生在低年级学生中占比明显低于在高年级学生中占比(16.67% vs 77.91%,P<0.001)。学生随着年级的升高,逐渐认识了解全程导师制。但是早期全面了解全程导师制更能发挥全程导师制的作用,因此医学院校应该在学生低年级的时候尽早开展全程导师制介绍会以便学生更好了解全程导师制。
2 )搭建师生互动平台。低年级学生期待与全程导师“经常联系”与“偶尔联系”占比明显高于高年级学生实际联系情况(90.00% vs 24.42%,P <0.001)。且低年级学生入学至今对全程导师制“还未接触”占15.56%。一方面可能是由于全程导师专业多是外科等比较忙的临床科室,全程导师没有空闲的时间与学生联系;另一方面可能是受学生性格影响,学生不够积极主动与全程导师联系。针对这些问题应该搭建师生互动平台,鼓励学生多与全程导师交流,多开展全程导师与学生的座谈会,通过面对面交流,学生可以提出自己学习、生活中遇到的困惑,请全程导师解疑。
3 )完善全程导师遴选、培训、考核、奖惩制度。低年级学生期待全程导师在职业规划、临床思维、科研思维、心理健康发挥较大影响的占比均高于高年级的实际评估( 4个方面的构成比均P <0.001,选择“有很大影响”及“比较有影响”在低、高年级占比分别为83.33% vs 36.63%,92.22% vs 29.07%,91.67% vs 31.39%,62.78% vs 38.37%)。且高年级学生认为全程导师对医学职业规划和未来发展、临床思维、科研思维、心理健康指导“无影响”的同学都占有相当一部分(13.00%~18.00%)。从这些现状说明了全程导师制落实不够到位。全程导师制有章可循才能更好实施。医学院校应制定全程导师遴选制度,选择具有较强临床和科研能力、拥有较好医学素养、有教学经验的老师担任全程导师,并且完善全程导师培训、考核、奖惩制度。其中奖励制度很有必要,因为全程导师本身临床、科研、教学各方面压力很大,如果没有长效奖励机制,将大大影响全程导师积极性[13]。医学院校应该对于成绩突出的全程导师予以表彰,将全程导师的成绩量化纳入年终考核、职称评定以及职位晋升等。全程导师制有效实施对学生素质培养尤为重要。目前中山大学临床八年制历届学生的全程导师制师生比约为1:3,每个年级有33~36个全程导师,全程导师队伍人员尚比较充足。进一步扩充全程导师队伍以使八年制学生在进入二级学科前得到更充分的指导,是未来全程导师制的发展方向之一,这时需要解决导师相对较少的问题。针对目前全程导师制现状,亟需完善完善全程导师遴选、培训、考核、奖惩制度,让全程导师制落实到位。全程导师选拔制度的进一步完善,有利于激励医学院校符合标准的优秀老师争当全程导师,扩大全程导师队伍,更好促进八年制人才的培养。全程导师选拔制度的完善是我们在进一步工作、研究中需要探讨和解决的问题。
4 )全程导师尽可能提供学生科研机会。低年级学生期待参与全程导师科研比率高于高年级学生实际参与科研比率(97.78% vs 38.37%,P<0.001)。且高年级中37.21%学生完全未接触任何科研。八年制培养方案中后期学生会面临临床轮转的压力与科研训练的压力交织一起的情景,很大程度上影响了学生科研热情,有碍于学生科研能力的提高[14]。因此,应该提倡尽早接触科研。美国医学院提倡医学生尽早接触临床科研项目,哈佛大学和斯坦福大学医学院在学生入学早期就开设科研相关课程,目的在于提高基于科研思维的临床问题解决能力[15]。早期科研训练有助于八年制医学生多方面能力培养,比如文献检索能力、团队协作能力等[16]。医学院校应该在学生低年级时重视课外科研训练课程的建设,全程导师应尽可能提供学生科研机会,学生应该在早期积极主动与全程导师联系并参与科研活动。
5 )全程导师职责定位进一步明确。低年级学生期待大学前5年能够“顺利通过所有考试、掌握科研思维和技巧、拥有扎实的基础医学知识、具备临床思维和能力”占比明显高于实际上高年级学生最终实现这些目标的占比(73.89% vs 22.09%,P <0.001)。这个调查结果可能是由于学生对自身能力和课程难度认识不足,目标定位不明确,定下过高目标。从另一个角度考虑也说明了全程导师制在八年制医学生培养过程中具有重要意义。全程导师应该职责定位明确,发挥其“三导”作用,引导学生制定学习计划、培养学生终身学习能力,同时注意做好心理辅导。全程导师应该结合八年制课程培养体系,在不同阶段给予学生不同的帮助,引导学生定下客观的目标,制定合理的学习方案,做好时间规划。结合高低年级学生期待全程导师教导内容,我们可以得出新时期全程导师应该尽可能教导学生的内容包括:学习方法、科研思维和方法、临床思维和方法、学风道德、职业规划和未来发展、心理健康指导等。
1. 中山大学教学改革基金 ( JX3030604024)。This work was supported by the Teaching Reform Fund of Sun Yat-sen
University, China ( JX3030604024).
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Citing Papers
1. Xu YF, Shan Y. Application of experiential teaching in ophthalmology internship for eight-year program students[J]. China Continuing Med Educ, 2022, 14(14): 17-21.
2. Pan XY, Wei YY, Guo XY, et al. Practical study on the training mechanism of the whole course tutorial system for clinical medical undergraduates[J]. China Continuing Med Educ, 2023, 15(21): 106-110.